活性炭吸附与生物活性炭脱臭效果的比较研究

针对污水收集与处理系统中恶臭气体的组成与特性,比较分析不同情况下活性炭吸附与生物活性炭的脱臭效果。当干活性碳总处理气量达到1.3m~3/g时,出现穿透。将吸附饱和的活性炭填料塔转为生物滴滤反应器后,仍能较快的实现挂膜生长,达到满意的处理效果。直接运行的生物活性炭滴滤器对H_2S的处理效率在95％以上,并具有较强的恢复能力。H_2S平均出口浓度为0.052mg/m~3。循环液pH值与盐度在一定范围内对系统影响不大。     

Can Forest-protection carbon projects improve rural livelihoods? Analysis of the Noel Kempff Mercado climate action project,Bolivia

We studied the Noel KempffMercado Climate Action Project (NKMCAP),Bolivia, to assess whether forestprotection carbon (C) projects cansignificantly benefit local people. Wehypothesized that forest protection canonly securely deliver C if significantstakeholders are meaningfully andtransparently involved, traditional orcustomary rights are recognized and theirloss compensated for, and there are directlinkages between conservation anddevelopment objective. Our researchfocused on 53 members of the communities ofFlorida, Porvenir and Piso Firme and 36secondary stakeholders. In each of thevillages we held half-day meetings withcommunity leaders, complemented bysemi-structured one-hour interviews with 5,10, and 7 families, representing 20%, 10%and 8% of each community. The long-termimpact of the NKMCAP on the localcommunities may well be positive. However,in the short run, certain sections of thelocal communities are financially poorer. Forest protection projects clearly have thepotential to sequester C, protectbiodiversity and simultaneously contributeto sustainable rural development, but ifthey really are to improve rurallivelihoods, they must be designed andimplemented carefully and participatively.     

活性炭性质对其吸附水中硝基苯性能的影响

通过对活性炭进行HNO3氧化及热处理改性,研究了活性炭性质对其吸附硝基苯性能的影响.以低温液氮(N2/77 K)吸附测定活性炭的比表面积和孔容、孔径分布;以Boehm滴定、零电荷点pHPZC的测定及元素分析定量表征活性发表面含氧官能团变化.结果表明:经改性后,活性炭比表面积及总孔容略有减小,表面性质发生较大变化.改性活性炭对硝基苯的吸附容量明显改变,吸附容量大小依次为:AC1′＞AC0′＞AC0＞AC1.经硝酸氧化后,比表面积下降、存在过多表面含氧官能团是导致AC1吸附硝基苯能力降低的主要原因;而AC1'表面适量酚羟基所提供的氢键吸附是其对硝基苯吸附量增加的主要原因.     

Climate Change and Energy Technologies

The long time scale of the climate change problem and the inherent nature of the carbon cycle bring important implications for present technology development efforts. Even if major technology improvements are achieved for non-carbon-emitting technologies such as energy-intensity improvements, wind, solar, biomass, and nuclear over the course of the 21^st century, most examinations of potential future greenhouse emissions conclude that additional technology development will be required to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations. The evelopment of an expanded suite of technologies including carbon capture and disposal, hydrogen systems and biotechnology hold the potential to dramatically reduce the cost of stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations. This paper examines these technologies in the context of a global integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, land-use, economics, and carbon cycle processes.     

水量衡算条件下人工湿地对有机物的去除研究

构建了芦苇和无植物2种人工湿地，在系统水量衡算的基础上比较了2种湿地对生活污水中有机物的去除效果。结果证明，在植物收割后的冬季，芦苇湿地对有机物的去除率低于无植物湿地系统约2％；在其他季节，芦苇湿地对污水CODcr的去除率比无植物湿地高出3.3％-5％。但对BOD5的去除率却比无植物湿地低了1.9％-2.7％。因此，芦苇湿地对有机物的去除效果比无植物湿地高，但提高不多。比较了2种系统的氧化还原电位，芦苇湿地比无植物湿地的高（P〈0.05），这种提高主要集中在湿地水面以下约10cm的深度；从整个湿地床体来看。2块连续运行的潜流水平湿地内部氧化还原状态大部分相同。主要是厌氧状态。比较了2种人工湿地基质中降解有机物的细菌，放线菌和真菌的数量，二者没有明显的差别。考察了湿地进水有机负荷与去除量的关系，二者呈现显著的线性相关性（R^2〉0.99）。     

腕足类生物壳体在沉积、成岩过程中同位素平衡问题研究

综合分析了现代腕足类生物壳体方解石中的C、O同位素特征，以及有关古生代腕足类生物壳体方解石构造和地球化学研究成果，分析结果证明：只有那些无发光性特点、无胶结和溶蚀构造特点、有较好纤维构造特点、含高Sr、Na和低Mn、Fe（Mg）的第二层腕足类生物壳体方解石的δ18O值不受成岩作用影响；而原始层和壳体中的特殊部位如铰合轴、腕骨、茎孔、交互面、肌痕等在沉积、成岩过程中与海水处于非同位素平衡状态。     

温泉宾馆室内PM_(10),PM_(2.5),CO_2和~(222)Rn的研究

对广东省 4座温泉宾馆室内外氡(222Rn)浓度和温泉水氡浓度进行研究,同时利用便携式探测器对室内外 PM10,PM2.5,CO2和CO 等污染物暴露水平进行直接测定.结果表明,温泉宾馆室内使用温泉水时氡浓度明显高于广东省室内平均氡浓度.除 CO 外,室内 PM10,PM2.5 和CO2 浓度都较高,其中 PM10 和 CO2 的超标率分别达到 67%和 89%.说明温泉宾馆室内不仅存在一般性污染物,而且存在高浓度的 Rn. 222     

活性炭厌氧流化床处理毒性有机废水存在的问题与对策

活性炭厌氧流不处理毒性有机废水存在问题，对含有活性炭能吸附而生物难降解成份的废水，通过定期替换少量活性炭、能维持工艺的稳定运行。     

生物活性炭处理废水中有机物的研究探讨

生物活性炭(BAC)是一种处理有机废水的有效方法。现以BAC处理废水中的酚和甲醇为例,综述BAC处理废水中有机物的机理和影响因素。并通过生物活性炭吸附降解四氯乙烯(PCE)的综合模型得到BAC作用与吸附和生物降解的关系。最后简单介绍了BAC中活性炭与微生物的选择。     

Insights into multidimensional transport flux from vertical observation and numerical simulation in two cities in North China

This study represents the first quantitative evaluation of pollution transport budget within the boundary layer of typical cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from the perspective of horizontal and vertical exchanges and further discusses the impact of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL)-free troposphere (FT) exchange on concentration of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) within the ABL during heavy pollution. From the perspective of the transport flux balance relationship, differences in pollution transport characteristics between the two cities is mainly reflected in the ABL-FT exchange effect. The FT mainly flowed into the ABL in BJ, while in SJZ, the outflow from the ABL to the FT was more intense. Combined with an analysis of vertical wind profile distribution, BJ was found to be more susceptible to the influence of northwest cold high prevailing in winter, while sinking of strong cold air allowed the FT flowing into the ABL influence the vertical exchange over BJ. In addition, we selected a typical pollution event for targeted analysis to understand mechanistic details of the influence of ABL-FT exchange on the pollution event. These results showed that ABL-FT interaction played an important role in PM_2.5 concentration within the ABL during heavy pollution. Especially in the early stage of heavy pollution, FT transport contributed as much as 82.74% of PM_2.5 within the ABL. These findings are significant for improving our understanding of pollution transport characteristics within the boundary layer and the effect of ABL-FT exchange on air quality.