Home range overlap of mothers and their offspring in the sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa

This paper reports a field investigation of interactions between juveniles and their mothers in the Australian sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa. In their first spring season, juvenile lizards maintain home ranges largely within the home range of their mother. Juvenile home ranges are significantly smaller than those of adult males and females, and juveniles move significantly less often and significantly shorter distances than adults. While siblings were never found together in the spring, they showed a significant tendency to be closer to each other than if they were randomly located in their home ranges. Juveniles and mothers were never found together, nor was there any evidence for any positive (or negative) spatial association. Nevertheless, the extended tolerance of home range overlap represents a greater degree of mother-offspring association than has been previously reported for other lizards. Despite this, the level of parental care can only be described as minimal. Received: 20 June 1997 / Accepted after revision: 29 December 1997     

Does female plumage coloration signal parental quality? A male removal experiment with the bluethroat (Luscinia s. svecica)

Females in several sexually dimorphic species with conventional sex roles possess ornamental traits that resemble those found in males. The evolution of such traits, however, is still poorly understood. Bluethroats (Luscinia s. svecica) are socially monogamous, sexually dichromatic passerine birds, in which female throat patch coloration varies from near absence to near full expression of male-like coloration. A recent study, demonstrating that male bluethroats prefer colourful females, suggests that female coloration is subject to sexual selection through male choice. However, the benefits males may gain from mating with colourful females have not yet been identified. In this study we tested the hypothesis that female coloration signals parental quality (the good-parent hypothesis). During the course of the same day, we recorded female care both in the presence and the absence of the male mate. The latter was done to eliminate the confounding effect of variable male care by removing the male temporarily. Female coloration did not correlate with female feeding rates either in the presence or in the absence of the male. Female feeding rates in the absence and the presence of the male were positively, although weakly, correlated. Female coloration did not correlate with female ability to compensate for the loss of male care, or with the change in brood mass during male removal. Therefore, there is no evidence for the good-parent hypothesis to explain female plumage coloration in bluethroats. Received: 4 March 1999 / Received in revised form: 14 October 1999 / Accepted: 23 October 1999     

静脉留置针在院前急救及转运中的应用

目的:探讨静脉留置针在院前急救及转运中的应用.方法:对68例在院前急救及转运中使用静脉留置针的患者进行观察,分析.结果:68例患者使用静脉留置针全部一次性操作成功,无一例发生不良反应.结论:静脉留置针在院前急救及转运中的应用,具有独特的优点和实用价值.表1,参4.     

黄浦江流域典型药物和个人护理品的含量及分布特征

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱法(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)分析上海市黄浦江流域7种典型药物和个人护理品(PPCPs)的含量水平.结果表明,所建立的分析方法具备良好的回收率(87%~107%)、相对标准偏差(<14%)及方法定量限(0.1~1.1ng/L),满足水体中微量污染物的检测要求.应用该方法检测得到,上海市黄浦江流域水体中目标 PPCPs的含量在相似文献   

我国新兴污染物环境风险评价与控制研究进展

目前环境化学研究热点逐渐从传统污染物转向新兴污染物,如持久性有机污染物(POPs)、环境内分泌干扰物(EDCs)、药品和个人护理品(PPCPs)等.环境中痕量新兴污染物往往会造成较高的危害和风险,日益引起广泛关注.应对新兴污染物环境问题,首先要了解其环境风险,然后进行风险控制和防范.我国新兴污染物的研究正在逐渐兴起.近年来,研究人员在我国新兴污染物环境风险评价和控制方面积极开展工作,本文综述我国这方面的研究进展,以期为进一步开展其风险防范研究提供参考.     

β-肾上腺受体阻滞剂的水生态毒理学研究进展

β-肾上腺受体阻滞剂是一类治疗心血管疾病的药物,其药理作用是和β-肾上腺受体结合但不使其活化。由于此类化合物在环境水体中的高检出率以及自身所具有的生物活性,近年来有关其对非靶生物的生态毒性效应日益受到关注。在概括了β-受体阻滞剂的使用现状及其在水体环境中的归趋后,重点介绍了此类化合物对鱼类以及其他水生生物的毒性效应。最后,针对目前的研究现状对今后的工作做出展望。     

污水处理厂PPCPs的污染现状与去除技术

近年来,药品和个人护理品(PPCPs)作为一类新兴有机污染物在环境中被广泛报道.传统的污水处理厂处理工艺难以有效去除污水中的PPCPs,残留在污水处理厂出水中的PPCPs及其代谢物进入水环境会严重威胁人类健康和生态环境.介绍了PPCPs的类别、性质以及水环境中PPCPs的赋存水平及其潜在危害,提出风险熵法(RQ)是国内...     

超声波萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测沉积物中10种PPCPs化合物

基于EPA1694方法,应用超声波萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,建立了沉积物中对乙酰氨基酚、林可霉素、甲氧苄啶、咖啡因、阿奇霉素、磺胺甲唑、泰乐菌素、地尔硫卓、卡马西平及氟西汀等10种药物和个人护理品(PPCPs)的分析检测方法。样品经超声萃取、离心和SAX阴离子交换柱净化,以高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪多反应监测(MRM)模式进行离子定性、定量分析。10种药物加标回收率实验结果表明:添加低浓度样品20 ng/g,回收率为61.1%~128.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%~17.5%(n=5);添加高浓度样品400 ng/g,回收率为66.4%~126.7%,RSD为2.3%~18.0%(n=5),最低检测限为0.12~4.46 ng/g。该方法具有检测限低和回收率高的特点,并经实际样品验证发现,该方法适用于检测沉积物中10种PPCPs化合物。     

环境中药品和个人护理品的复合污染风险

在环境中污染物常以混合物的形式存在,从而扩大或减小了其对环境和生物的效应。指出目前对药品和个人护理品(PPCPs)环境健康风险的研究多停留在单一物质表观层面,造成其风险值出现偏差。系统分析了PPCPs与有机和无机污染物之间的复合污染,提出加强复合污染毒性风险及致毒机理等方面的研究,为有效降低环境水体中PPCPs潜在的安全风险提供理论支持。     

固相萃取-液质联用分析药物和个人护理品

建立了固相萃取-液质联用分析药物和个人护理品(PPCPs)的方法,采用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱分别在酸性条件下和碱性条件下对PPCPs进行富集提取,该法对于宜兴地区能够检出的30种PPCPs均具有良好的线性,相关系数为0.990~0.999,检出限为1.37~10.12 ng/L。应用该法对宜兴地区地表水中存在的PPCPs进行分析,结果显示30种PPCPs均有不同程度检出,分布最广泛的7种分别为避蚊胺、阿替洛尔、对乙酰氨基酚、普鲁卡因、β-雌二醇、卡马西平和苯佐卡因,阿替洛尔浓度较高,普遍为5~600 ng/L。避蚊胺虽然出现频率最高,但其在各个采样点浓度偏低,普遍为1~50 ng/L。