The impacts of warfare and armed conflict on land systems

ABSTRACT

Land-use decisions can change abruptly in response to shocks, and warfare and armed conflicts are among the most drastic and globally frequent shocks. Yet, our understanding of where armed conflict affects land systems, how land-use patterns are impacted, and how far-reaching and persistent these changes are, is partial. We used a spatially detailed dataset on armed conflict and a literature review to explore these questions. A number of key insights emerged from our study: (1) warfare and armed conflict affect land systems mainly in more densely populated areas, regardless of the dominating land use; (2) warfare and armed conflict can impact land systems in major ways, but these effects are diverse and not unidirectional; (3) warfare and armed conflict primarily affects land systems locally, but can forge telecouplings; and (4) although the impact of warfare and armed conflict is often immediate, it can instigate long-lasting land-use legacies.     

城市火灾案例库辅助决策方法的研究

在对城市火灾事故案例进行全面调查、统计和分类分析的基础上,提出一种城市火灾案例特征属性的表示框架,对特征属性进行了层次化和结构化,同时对属性值的取值进行较为科学而严格的定义,进而应用混合相似度度量方法和粗糙-模糊集方法提炼案例中蕴涵的灭火救援知识,给出一种灭火救援辅助决策过程模型;通过查找最相似案例和案例库提炼出相关的灭火救援规则进行灭火救援辅助决策;成功进行了实例验证。该模型的建立可为城市火灾案例智能决策系统的研究提供参考。     

北京奥运会帆船比赛前夕浒苔灾害暴发与青岛市应急行动

北京奥运会开幕前夕,青岛突发历史罕见的浒苔灾害,严重威胁到奥帆赛的举办.本文全面回顾了青岛市在应对这场突发事件的全过程,并运用现代应急管理理论,对其整个事件进行客观评述,总结了青岛市在信息公开、决策指挥、应急准备、科技支撑、综合治理、善后处置等方面的成功经验,并从应急准备、应急处置和应急队伍建设等三个方面对存在的不足和问题进行了深入地查找和分析.     

高频电源在我国电除尘器上的应用及节能减排潜力分析

分析了电除尘器高频电源节能减排的机理,介绍了国内外高频电源的研究与应用情况,并指出其相对于传统工频电源的优越性。以上海外高桥第三发电有限责任公司8号炉的电除尘器改造为例,介绍了高频电源在1 000 MW燃煤机组电除尘器上的节能减排效果：在日常运行期间,改造后除尘器出口烟尘排放浓度由42 mg/m³下降至17 mg/m³,减排59.5％,电除尘器能耗降低71.7％。结合所选案例以及高频电源在其他电厂燃煤机组上成功应用的经验,分析了电除尘器高频电源对我国电力行业节能减排潜力：在2009年电力行业有关统计数据的基础上,若火电行业电除尘器全部进行高频电源改造,每年可节电31.5亿kW·h,相当于节约标准煤107.7万t,可减少120~210万t烟尘排放,1.07万t SO₂排放,6 462~9 693 t NO_x排放,310万t CO₂排放。     

突发水环境重金属污染事件溯源方法与应用案例

快速准确溯源对于突发水环境重金属污染事件的应急处置和环境应急管理具有重要意义。提出了以污染物特征指纹识别、污染物总量核算、污染物浓度梯度变化、污染物迁移时间与路径等4方面为基础的“四位一体”的突发水环境重金属污染事件溯源方法。进一步以2017年嘉陵江流域突发铊污染事件为例,阐述了一次输入型突发水环境重金属污染事件溯源分析要点,分析了特征污染物识别、污染物总量核算、污染物浓度及其变化规律、特征污染物迁移与水文数据吻合程度等关键因素,逐步锁定事故污染源和肇事企业,进而探讨了本次污染事故的发生成因。本研究可为一次性排污或连续性排污的重金属污染源的溯源提供参考。     

A Bird’s Eye View of the Malheur Wildlife Refuge Occupation: Nonhuman Agency and Entangled Species

In January 2016, armed militants occupied the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, demanding an end to government control of the Refuge and other similarly protected public lands. Public discourse about the occupation highlights ongoing tensions around land use, property rights, and government overreach. The discourse foregrounds human animal concerns and all but erases nonhuman animal agency. This essay considers nonhuman animal agency and the entanglement of humans, nonhumans, and the land as seen in the occupation and surrounding discourse. We draw from critical animal studies and feminist posthuman theory to examine how discourses of the occupation produce and reinforce a sense of human exceptionalism that elides a more useful and nuanced understanding of human–nonhuman–land relatedness and agency. The analysis shows how, in the case of the Malheur occupation, occupiers and critics alike rely on discourses of “othering” towards both nonhuman animals and other humans. We take a “birding” perspective on the occupation to show how the webs of relationality that connect humans, nonhumans, and the land might be activated as an antidote to destructive discourses of human exceptionalism.     

Theoretical and Empirical Study on Urban Population Carrying Capacity: Case of Haidian District in Beijing

Abstract

The measurement of urban population carrying capacity is the basis for cities’ sustainable development. However, the traditional study on population carrying capacity which was based on food supply is not applicable to the single urban area. This paper built a model for the analysis of urban carrying capacity, and took Haidian District in Beijing as an example to calculate the urban carrying capacity of Haidian District in the future, which was the basis for the improvement of the population carrying capacity. This study would also provide a reference to the measurement of the urban population carrying capacity for other cities and districts in China.     

沈阳市黑臭水体治理进展及典型案例分析

以沈阳市为例,从黑臭水体分布、已完成的整治措施及问题识别与诊断3个方面总结了沈阳市建成区黑臭水体的治理现状及进展,提出了黑臭水体整治的近期目标。基于黑臭水体汇水单元污染负荷的分析结果,明确了沈阳市建成区黑臭水体整治方案与整治措施,并以已完成治理的满堂河和白塔堡河为典型河流,总结分析了黑臭水体治理的经验及成效。     

餐厨垃圾与剩余污泥协同发酵提升低C/N污水脱氮效能的中试研究

我国城镇污水处理厂进水碳源普遍偏低,严重影响生物脱氮效能。外加碳源会造成大量化学品消耗及碳排放,与双碳战略背道而驰。考察了餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥联合发酵中试装备 (规模10 t·d⁻¹) 制备挥发性脂肪酸 (VFA) 效能,并将生产的VFA发酵液投加至昆山市某城镇污水处理厂,以减少外源乙酸钠碳源投加量,以期探索城市污水与有机固废的协同、高效、低碳处理技术。结果表明：餐厨垃圾与剩余污泥体积比为7∶3时,VFA质量浓度最高,达到54.3 g·L⁻¹ (以COD计) ,乙酸和丙酸质量分数分别为36.5%和22.8%;在批次发酵中试实验中,VFA最高质量浓度达67.5 g·L⁻¹ (以COD计) ,最低质量浓度为42.4 g·L⁻¹ (以COD计) ,平均质量浓度为55.0 g·L⁻¹ (以COD计) ;对比3类碳源的反硝化实验结果,投加乙酸钠组1.5 h脱氮率为86.5%,投加发酵液组4.5 h脱氮率为81.0%,投加餐厨垃圾组仅为69.8%;根据出水总氮预警阈值 (>8 mg·L⁻¹) 补加发酵液,替代部分乙酸钠,通过实际污水厂运行数据,拟合得到发酵液投量X (m³) 与乙酸钠吨水节约量Y (g·m⁻³) 的线性关系式Y=4.9X+3.5,其中R²=0.91。该研究结果可为联合发酵制备优质碳源提升污水厂脱氮工程应用提供参考。     

电网应急预案知识图谱构建方法与应用*

为提高电网应急预案知识的检索效率以及电网事故的处置效率,提出电网应急预案知识图谱的构建方法。首先,以电网自然灾害和大面积停电事件应急预案为数据源,分析电网应急预案知识内容体系框架;其次,采用基于规则与基于深度学习的知识抽取方式对应急预案进行知识抽取,并基于Neo4j图数据库对电网应急预案知识进行存储和可视化展示;最后,以某市大面积停电事件应急响应为例,分析电网应急预案知识图谱在实际案例中的有效性。研究结果表明:所构建电网应急预案知识图谱可对电网突发事故进行辅助决策,从而缩短应急决策时间,提高电网事故的应急处置效率。