Strengthening the role of science and technology in disaster risk reduction: the Chilean strategy

This paper presents an integrative case study of Chile's national strategy of research, development, and innovation (R&D+i) for disaster resilience and progress towards developing the institutional conditions necessary for its successful implementation. The paper covers the period between 2016 and 2021, concentrating on the work of the Chilean Commission of R&D+i for Resilience to Disasters of Natural Origin (CREDEN). Through an analysis of the official records of the initiative at all of its stages, and 29 semi-structured interviews with CREDEN members and stakeholders, we aim to present a successful example of strengthening the role of science and technology in disaster risk reduction. Chile's experience is particularly interesting because its strategy focused on R&D+i and proposed developing an industry of scientific-based technological solutions for disaster resilience. The study also illustrates how strategic interaction between academia, state, and industry can be a key factor in aligning knowledge production to tackle current socio-technical challenges.     

大型商场建筑性能化防火设计实例分析

论述了商场建筑的结构和火灾危险性特点，结合我国商场建筑的发展现状提出了性能化防火设计方法。为了推进我国性能化防火设计发展，本文借助消防工程协会(SFPE)提出的一个性能化防火设计例子，介绍了性能化防火设计的步骤，并将其与传统的设计方法做了对比。     

Disaster studies inside out

Disaster studies is faced with a fascinating anomaly: frequently it claims to be critical and innovative, as suggested by the so‐called vulnerability paradigm that emerged more than 40 years ago, yet often it is perpetuating some of the core and problematic tenets of the hazard paradigm that we were asked to challenge initially. This paper interrogates why such an anomaly persists. In so doing, it employs Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony to unpack why disaster studies is still dominated by Western epistemologies and scholars that perpetuate an orientalist view of disasters. Ultimately, it suggests a research agenda for the 40 years to come, which builds on the importance of local researchers analysing local disasters using local epistemologies, especially in the non‐Western world. Such subaltern disaster studies are to be fuelled by increasing consciousness of the need to resist the hegemony of Western scholarship and to relocate disaster studies within the realm of its original political agenda.     

Histopathological studies and oxidative stress of synthesized silver nanoparticles in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

To evaluate the potential environmental effects of engineered nano metals, it is important to determine the adverse effects of various nanomaterials on aquatic species. Adult tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) were maintained in 10 L glass aquaria, and exposed to a graded series of synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) at 25, 50 and 75 mg/L for eight days. The LC₅₀ value was 12.6 mg/L. Reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of antioxidants were lowered in the gills and liver of fishes treated with Ag-NPs, which resulted in heavy accumulation of free radicals. Histopathological results imply that the balance between the oxidative and antioxidant system in the fish was broken down during Ag-NPs exposure. The principal concern related with the release of nanomaterials and their smaller particle may change the materials transport and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms compared to larger particles.     

基于生态博物馆理念的红色旅游发展模式——以重庆市城口县为例

如何突破资源瓶颈,推动发展模式转型,提升发展效益,是当前老少边穷地区红色旅游发展亟待解决的问题。以重庆市城口县为例,在回顾生态博物馆理念的演进过程和核心论题的基础上,提出了红色生态博物馆模式,并从空间发展形态、价值传播方式、项目开发方式和经济效益来源等四方面对其内涵进行了阐述。     

某整车制造企业清洁生产审核案例分析

以某整车制造企业清洁生产审核项目为例,通过对照涂装行业清洁生产评价指标体系,对该汽车制造企业开展清洁生产审核,结合审核过程中发现的清洁生产潜力,提出方案以提高企业的清洁生产水平。     

环保执法中非诉执行案件的有关问题探讨

在目前的环境执法中,由环保部门申请人民法院强制执行的行政处罚已经成为环保部门查处和打击环境违法行为的重要措施.为此对环保部门申请强制执行的期限、非诉执行前的准备工作以及行政复议或者行政诉讼期间,环保行政机关申请强制执行的可行性作了探讨.     

大气环境影响评价技术复核规范与典型案例分析

大气环境影响评价(简称环评)技术复核是指依据国家发布的标准与规范要求,针对重点项目环评报告书中有关环境影响预测与评价部分内容开展的技术复核工作,重点分析预测模型、基础数据与参数以及预测方法是否符合技术导则相关要求,并提出复核结论与建议。针对60多个重大环境敏感项目的技术复核报告进行统计分析,发现超过60%的被复核环评报告需返回修改或直接退回。复核案例及经验表明,污染源确定、模型应用规范化是大气环评中需要解决的关键技术。最后,结合典型案例说明大气环境影响预测技术复核的主要内容、过程和复核结论,提出了加强技术复核有效性、提高大气环境影响预测技术水平的结论与建议。     

阶梯件拉伸挤压复合模设计

通过分析零件的工艺特点 ,设计了拉伸挤压复合模 ,不仅可提高零件质量 ,而且可提高生产效率。     

浅层岩溶二维地电影像勘探技术与效果

在吸收传统的电阻率法勘探技术精华和方法理论的基础上,应用二维的观点和数字模拟重构技术,论述了二维地电影像系统的理论、方法、技术,并通过实测案例展示了该技术在研究工程与环境地质调查问题的优势及可行性。