膜电解法在线再生酸性蚀刻液及回收铜新技术

采用极化曲线法研究了酸性蚀刻液阴、阳极电化学行为,并构建了离子膜电解反应体系,考察了在线再生酸性蚀刻液及回收铜的效果。结果表明,阳极氧化过程发生浓差极化,存在极限电流密度,Cu＋含量越高,极限电流密度越大;阴极还原分4步反应进行,存在极限电流密度;强化溶液传质可有效提高阴、阳极极限电流密度,有利于避免电解过程中析出氯气和氢气;在线实验表明,通过监控阳极液ORP,可避免析出氯气;分步降低电流电解有利于避免析出氢气,形成致密的金属铜块;在电流为9～24A范围内分4步电解23．5h可再生酸性蚀刻液23．5L,同时电沉积回收510g铜,纯度高达99．98％。阴极电流效率达到95．2％,吨铜电耗3251kWh。电解过程中无氯气和氢气析出,无废液排放,表明膜电解法在线再生酸性蚀刻液具有良好的应用前景。     

A preliminary process design and economic assessment of a catalyst rejuvenation process for waste disposal of refinery spent catalysts

Spent hydroprocessing catalysts from refineries have been classified as hazardous solid waste by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), refiners must find a viable but economical solution to solve this serious environmental issue. Catalyst rejuvenation is an attractive option for minimizing the environmental problems associated with spent catalysts. In this study, a preliminary design for such a process and the corresponding economic analysis are performed to assess the proposed catalyst rejuvenation process for metal-fouled spent catalysts generated in residue hydroprocessing units. The scenarios used in the economic assessment are based on three options of process synthesis and two operator modes. It is found that the option of rejuvenating medium and lightly fouled spent catalyst produced by the refinery will be the best solution for refiners, both environmentally and economically.     

SCR 催化剂的砷中毒研究

催化剂是SCP系统的重要组成部分,研究催化剂中毒的原因,对延长催化剂的使用寿命及降低SCR系统的运行费用意义重大.本文介绍了煤燃烧过程中砷的迁移规律,利用实验的方法测定出氧化砷浓度与催化剂中毒的关系,建立了砷中毒后NOX反应速率的动力学方程,并利用国外几组SCR数据对方程进行了验证,计算值和实际值相吻合.文章并对如何降低砷的危害提出了建议.     

炭催化剂吸附剂标准物质的研制

本文介绍了炭催化剂吸附剂标准物质的研制过程。对标准物质的制备技术、均匀性检验、稳定性考察及定值和不确定度进行了逐项分析。采用活性炭浸渍、煅烧技术制得炭催化剂吸附剂标准物质。试验结果表明,该标准物质定值结果准确,均匀性、稳定性良好。铜含量的标准值为11．06％,扩展不确定度为0．13％。     

利用原生质体诱变技术筛选脱落酸高产菌株

以葡萄孢属TB-3菌株为出发菌株制备其原生质体．在纤维素酶浓度为20g／L,蜗牛酶浓度为3g／L的酶解系统中,25℃酶解3h,其原生质体制备数可达67×105mL-1,在KYM上的再生率为46．1％,在KPDA上的再生率为33．6％,经过3轮原生质体紫外线诱变后回复再生,及对大量再生突变株进行发酵筛选,获得高产稳定株TB－3H8,其发酵液中ABA的质量浓度可达1．4g／L     

双负载双金属催化剂催化有机卤化物水相脱卤研究

通过把起相转移作用的聚乙二醇链固载在硅胶上（SiO2-PEG600）,再将聚乙稀吡咯烷酮（PVP）络合双金属Pd-Cu(PVP-PdCl2-CuCl2)后负载其中,制成一种新型双负载双金属水相脱卤催化剂PVP－PdCl2-CuCl2/SiO2-PEG600。以甲酸钠为氢转移试制,在水相中催化有机卤化物脱卤,研究结果表明：反应温度为800℃,Pd∶Cu=2∶1（摩尔比）,反应介质pH≈11.7左右时,该催化剂对芳香氯化物及α－氯代酮、酯具有良好的催化脱氯和重复使用性能。     

废塑料处理技术进展与展望

文章介绍了解决废塑料污染的几种方法,分析了目前我国废塑料回收利用技术的现状,并介绍作者在这方面进行的一些新的研究工作：（1）使用自制的催化剂完成了聚烯烃类塑料催化热解回收燃料油的小试,获得了较好的效果;（2）通过实验对发泡聚苯乙烯热解回收苯乙烯单体的工艺流程提出了优化操作条件。根据国内外实际,文章最后对废塑料回收利用提出了几点建议。     

Using the land transformation model to forecast vacant land

Growing or shrinking cities can experience increases in vacant land. As urban populations and boundaries fluctuate, holes can open in once tight urban areas. Many cities chase growth-oriented approaches to dealing with vacancies. It is critical to understand land-use alteration to accurately predict transformations of physical change in order to make better informed decisions about this phenomenon. This research utilizes the land transformation model (LTM), an artificial neural networking mechanism in Geographic Information Systems, to forecast vacant land. Variable influence on vacant land prediction and accuracy of the LTM is assessed by comparing input factors and patterns, using time-series data from 1990 to 2010 in Fort Worth, Texas, USA. Results indicate that the LTM can be useful in simulating vacant land-use changes but more precise mechanisms are necessary to increase accuracy. This will allow for more proactive decisions to better regulate the process of urban decline and regeneration.     

Canopy Seed Banks as Time Capsules of Biodiversity in Pasture-Remnant Tree Crowns

Abstract: Tropical pastures present multiple barriers to tree regeneration and restoration. Relict trees serve as “regeneration foci” because they ameliorate the soil microclimate and serve as safe spots for dispersers. Here, we describe another mechanism by which remnant trees may facilitate pasture regeneration: the presence of seed banks in the canopy soil that accumulates from decomposing epiphytes within the crowns of mature remnant trees in tropical cloud forest pastures. We compared seed banks of canopy soils (histosols derived from fallen leaves, fruits, flower, and twigs of host trees and epiphytes, dead bryophytes, bark, detritus, dead animals, and microorganisms, and dust that accumulate on trunks and the upper surfaces of large branches) in pastures, canopy soils in primary forest trees, and soil on the forest floor in Monteverde, Costa Rica. There were 5211 epiphytic and terrestrial plant seeds in the three habitats. All habitats were dominated by seeds in a relatively small number of plant families, most of which were primarily woody, animal pollinated, and animal dispersed. The density of seeds on the forest floor was greater than seed density in either pasture‐canopy or forest‐canopy soils; the latter two did not differ. Eight species in 44 families and 61 genera from all of the habitats were tallied. There were 37 species in the pasture‐canopy soil, 33 in the forest‐canopy soil, and 57 on the forest floor. Eleven species were common to all habitats. The mean species richness in the pasture canopy was significantly higher than the forest canopy (F =83.38; p < 0.02). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination revealed that the communities were distinct. Greenhouse experiments verified that many of these seeds were viable, with 29 taxa germinating (23 taxa in pruned mats [mimic of exposed conditions] and 16 taxa in control mats [intact conditions]) within 2 months of observation. Nearly half the species that germinated were characteristic of primary forests (primary forest samples, 19%; pasture samples, 29%). This supports the idea that canopy seed banks of pasture trees can function as time capsules by providing propagules that are removed in both space and time from the primary forest. Their presence may enhance the ability of pastures to regenerate more quickly, reinforcing the importance of trees in agricultural settings.     

Inner City regeneration: perspectives on the G.E.A.R. Project

Government responses to the problems of the inner city currently focus on comprehensive programmes of positive discrimination. The first and most extensive is the G.E.A.R. project in Glasgow. Regular monitoring of the effectiveness of such large‐scale initiatives is essential. If the physical and social aims of such policies are to be realised, assessments must utilise both objective and subjective indicators.