交联聚乙烯亚胺螯合树脂对锌离子的吸附研究

以聚丙烯腈 (PAN)大孔树脂为载体 ,将活性组分聚乙烯亚胺 (PEI)通过化学涂敷手段交联在其表面 ,制备出一种新型交联螯合树脂。本文考察了此树脂对溶液中锌离子的吸附性能 ,开展了饱和吸附容量、等温吸附曲线、pH影响曲线以及吸附速度曲线等实验。结果表明 ,此交联螯合树脂具有对锌离子吸附能力强、吸附速度快等特点 ,可望用于含锌废水的处理及回收。     

Diffusion of tritiated water and Na through non-degraded hardened cement pastes

Diffusion experiments through hardened cement pastes (HCP) using tritiated water (HTO) and ²²Na⁺, considered to be conservative tracers, have been carried out in triplicates in a glove box under a controlled nitrogen atmosphere. Each experiment consisted of a through-diffusion test followed by an out-diffusion test.The experimental data were inversely modelled applying an automated Marquardt–Levenberg procedure. The analysis of the through-diffusion data allowed the extraction of values for the effective diffusion coefficients, D_e, and the rock capacity factor, α. Good agreement between measured and calculated tracer breakthrough curves was achieved using both a simple diffusion model without sorption and a diffusion/linear sorption model. The best-fit K_d-values were found to be consistent with R_d-values measured in previous batch-sorption experiments.The best-fit values from the through-diffusion tests were then used to predict the results of subsequent out-diffusion experiments. Good agreement between experimental data and predictions was achieved only for the case of linear sorption.Isotopic exchange can only partially account for both the amount of tracer taken up in the batch-sorption tests and the measured retardation in the diffusion experiments and, hence, additional mechanisms have to be invoked to explain the data.     

Perchlorate as an environmental contaminant

Perchlorate anion (ClO4-) has been found in drinking water supplies throughout the southwestern United States. It is primarily associated with releases of ammonium perchlorate by defense contractors, military operations, and aerospace programs. Ammonium perchlorate is used as a solid oxidant in missile and rocket propulsion systems. Traces of perchlorate are found in Chile saltpeter, but the use of such fertilizer has not been associated with large scale contamination. Although it is a strong oxidant, perchlorate anion is very persistent in the environment due to the high activation energy associated with its reduction. At high enough concentrations, perchlorate can affect thyroid gland functions, where it is mistakenly taken up in place of iodide. A safe daily exposure has not yet been set, but is expected to be released in 2002. Perchlorate is measured in environmental samples primarily by ion chromatography. It can be removed by anion exchange or membrane filtration. It is destroyed by some biological and chemical processes. The environmental occurrence, toxicity, analytical chemistry, and remediative approaches are discussed.     

离子交换纤维对重金属的吸附研究

采用自制强酸性阳离子交换纤维对镉、铅离子的吸附性能进行了初步研究。实验结果表明 ,强酸性阳离子交换纤维对镉、铅离子具有较好的吸附能力 ,其最大吸附容量分别为 2 0 6.6mg g和 10 5 .5mg g ;吸附速度快 ,2 0min即可达到平衡。用Langmuir方程对其吸附等温线进行回归 ,结果显示实测值与理论方程具有较好的一致性     

阳离子树脂法提取活性污泥胞外聚合物的研究

考察了树脂法提取活性污泥中胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substance,EPS)的影响因素,确定了最佳的提取条件.试验结果表明,树脂量60g/g VSS,振摇频率200r/min下处理4 h,EPS的提取量达到111.20 mg/L,DNA占提取量的12.13%.该方法的重现性试验结果还表明,EPS及其各成分的相对标准偏差在2.21%～6.07%之间,能较好地满足试验要求,是一种可靠的EPS提取方法.     

伯胺N_(1923)萃淋树脂吸萃汞(Ⅱ)的性能及萃合物组成的研究

本文研究了N_(1923)萃淋树脂对汞(Ⅱ)吸萃的性能、溶液的酸效应、吸附等温线、吸附速率及体系温度等对吸萃分配比的影响.用饱和容量法、等摩尔系列法、斜率法等对吸萃物组成进行了探讨.并用红外光谱法、核磁共振谱法对吸萃机理进行了分析.     

利用钙型斜发沸石处理氨氮废水

介绍了用钙型斜发沸石处理氨氮废水的方法，研究了钙型斜发沸石对氨氮废水的吸附性能、洗脱蒸氨曲线和斜发沸石在氢氧化钙溶液中的损失。实验结果表明：钙型斜发沸石对铵离子具有很高的选择性和离子交换能力。可长期在氢氧化钙溶液中使用。该方法具有投资低、高效、节能、操作稳定等特点。在处理废水的同时又可回收氨，可创造一定的经济效益。具有较好的应用价值。     

钙型斜发沸石铵离子交换平衡的研究

测定了在不同pH值下人工改型所得钙型斜发沸石对NH4^ 的全交换容量、对NH4^ 的等温交换平衡曲线，进一步研究了其部分热力学特性。结果表明，钙型斜发沸石对NH4^ 交换总量随pH值的升高而降低，在pH值为7时为79．321mmol／100g，该离子交换过程可自发进行，且其选择性随温度的升高而降低。研究成果可为沸石法处理含氨氮废水的进一步研究提供一定的理论依据。     

NKA-Ⅱ型大孔吸附树脂处理苯胺废水的研究

针对苯胺废水的特点,利用NKA-Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂进行处理,研究了苯胺废水质量浓度、pH值、温度和流速等因素对大孔吸附树脂动态吸附-脱附性能的影响,并得到了最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明在最佳工艺条件下,苯胺去除率>99%,COD>98%,出水苯胺的质量浓度<40mg·L-1,COD出水的质量浓度<100mg·L-1,树脂的平均脱附率值接近99.7%。在废水得到有效处理的同时,苯胺资源也得到了回收,达到了废水治理与资源化的效果。     

多羟树脂中游离甲醛的清除

针对纺织品中甲醛超量的问题，提出了降低多羟树脂中游离及释放甲醛的方法和对策。