人工合成P型沸石对NH4^＋交换特性研究

应用由粉煤灰合成的P型沸石研究对NH_4~ 交换的热力学和动力学特性。结果表明,P型沸石阳离子交换总量为264meq/100g,在其整个阳离子组成范围内对进入的NH_4~ 具有高的选择交换性,该交换过程能自发沿着正方向进行,随着温度的增高,其交换能力也增强。Na~ =NH_4~ 交换过程具有较优越的动力学特性,在16℃和32℃时,P型沸石中NH_4~ 自扩散系数分别为7.14×10~(-10)和1.12×10~(-9)cm~2·s~(-1);活化能为20.74kJ·mol~(-1);活化熵分别为-88.26和-88.71J·(mol·°K)~(-1);自由能分别为43.85和45.26kJ·mol~(-1)。     

家兔接触低浓度焦炉污染物细胞遗传损伤指标的变化

将实验动物（家兔）饲养于低浓度焦炉逸散物污染的环境中（现场B（a）P浓度2～10μg/100m³）,动态观察染毒前、现场染毒二周、四周及脱离现场一周外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换（Sec）率和微核（MN）率的变化。结果显示,高SCE细胞（HFC）率在第二周即增高,到第四周SCE率均值也明显升高,但在脱离污染环境一周后可恢复到染毒前水平。MN率未显示变化。     

氧化-吸附法处理含铁废盐酸及其资源化

提出并研究了高效氧化与强化吸附相结合的含铁废酸资源化处理新工艺。系统研究了其氧化过程的适宜工艺条件并考察了吸附分离单元中的主要工艺参数对铁离子去除率的影响规律。实验结果显示,采用双氧水氧化废盐酸中Fe2+将不会引入其他污染因子,双氧水的最佳投加摩尔数为Fe2+浓度的1.2倍,氧化时间优选为2 h;氧化后的含铁废盐酸经过强碱阴离子交换树脂NDA900分离去除大部分铁离子,若采用固定床双柱串联方式运行,铁离子分离去除率可达99.9%,处理后盐酸可返回酸洗工序重复利用。吸附饱和后的树脂仅使用自来水就可以实现完全再生,再生液中三氯化铁浓度高达40~50g/L。这一工艺有望实现废盐酸及其中铁离子的综合利用,为相关行业清洁生产水平的提升提供技术支持。     

混凝-溶气气浮装置预处理ABS树脂废水

针对ABS树脂生产废水中乳胶状悬浮物难以去除的现状,采用混凝-溶气气浮装置进行了预处理实验研究.结果表明,铝盐复配药剂和阳离子型PAM共同作用对废水中的乳胶状悬浮物具有极好的破乳絮凝效果,且在原水pH值为5、铝盐复配药剂投加量为100 mg/L、PAM投加量为2.5 mg/L、溶气水回流比为40%和水力停留时间为15 min条件下,该装置对ABS树脂生产废水中的浊度去除率达95%以上,COD去除率达50%以上,达到后续生化处理对进水的要求,且运行稳定,在胶乳废水处理领域有着广阔的应用前景.     

地表水硝酸盐氮同位素测定的前处理过程

为有效识别地表水硝酸盐的污染来源,探讨了硝酸盐氮同位素(δ15N)测定前处理过程的实验步骤和方法。通过对国产717、美国Amberlite IRA402和IRA900强碱性阴离子交换树脂进行NO3-的吸附、洗脱和扩散实验优化研究,分析了树脂高度、吸附流速、洗脱液的浓度和体积、洗脱流速、扩散温度和时间等影响NO3-吸附和洗脱效率的因素。实验结果表明,717、IRA402和IRA900均可以作为吸附NO3-的离子交换树脂,其中IRA402型树脂吸附效果最佳,717型树脂洗脱效果最佳。在过阴离子交换柱之前,通过Al2O3柱吸附水样中的有机物等杂质,可有效提高NO3-的洗脱率。针对九龙江流域地表水样,离子交换柱高度可选择为2.5 cm,吸附流速 600~700 mL/h,洗脱液可选择2 mol/L KCl 溶液,洗脱流速控制为4~6 mL/h。该实验方法的建立可满足九龙江流域地表水样硝酸盐δ15N测定的前处理要求。     

以废物交换为先导全面深化固体废物的管理

在沈阳市开展废物交换与利用处置、固废申报登记与去向管理的基础上，总结性地介绍了沈阳市工业固体废物管理体系，论述了固体废物交换、管理的形式和做法，提出了实现废物资源化、无害化的重要保障及措施等。     

树脂砂砂处理工部除尘系统设计

介绍了树脂砂处理工部除尘系统的划分和主要生产设备除尘罩的设计,重点论述了除尘系统二的设计方案和设备选型,给出了设计过程中的注意事项和改进意见。     

卤代核苷植物油悬液一次注射法体内姐妹染色单体交换形成试验

本文介绍一种体内姐妹染色单体交换形成试验的新方法。将卤代核苷制成植物油悬液作皮下一次注射,当小鼠体内卤代核苷剂量达到500mg/kg时,即可获得非常满意的骨髓细胞姐妹染色单体分化着色效果。该法操作简便,无需特殊设备,卤代核苷用量亦较小。     

Dry deposition and soil-air gas exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in an industrial area

Ambient air and dry deposition, and soil samples were collected at the Aliaga industrial site in Izmir, Turkey. Atmospheric total (particle + gas) ∑₄₁-PCB concentrations were higher in summer (3370 ± 1617 pg m⁻³, average + SD) than in winter (1164 ± 618 pg m⁻³), probably due to increased volatilization with temperature. Average particulate ∑₄₁-PCBs dry deposition fluxes were 349 ± 183 and 469 ± 328 ng m⁻² day⁻¹ in summer and winter, respectively. Overall average particulate deposition velocity was 5.5 ± 3.5 cm s⁻¹. The spatial distribution of ∑₄₁-PCB soil concentrations (n = 48) showed that the iron-steel plants, ship dismantling facilities, refinery and petrochemicals complex are the major sources in the area. Calculated air-soil exchange fluxes indicated that the contaminated soil is a secondary source to the atmosphere for lighter PCBs and as a sink for heavier ones. Comparable magnitude of gas exchange and dry particle deposition fluxes indicated that both mechanisms are equally important for PCB movement between air and soil in Aliaga.     

Large-eddy simulation of low-level jet-like flow in a canopy

The computational method of Large-Eddy Simulations has been used to study the weak, neutrally stable drainage flow within tree canopies. The computational results show that a secondary velocity maximum that resembles a jet is formed within the canopy under the nocturnal flow conditions. This jet-like flow is important in the analysis and measurements of the net ecosystem-atmosphere exchange (NEE) for carbon dioxide (CO₂). A uniformly distributed, plane source was placed within the canopy in order to simulate the nocturnal production of CO₂. The NEE is calculated as the sum of the integration of the rate of change of the concentration of CO₂ over the computational domain, the vertical turbulent flux measured directly by eddy-covariance (EC) method, and the advection terms, which are not taken into account in the EC method. Numerical results of the velocity and concentration fields, within and above the canopy, are presented and their impact on the CO₂ transport is investigated in detail. The computational results show that 15–20% of NEE is drained out by the advection process under the canopy. The results also show that the turbulent fluctuations in the lateral direction are also significant and may result in 2–5% CO₂ transport.