Avoiding or embracing social relationships? A conservation of resources perspective of leader narcissism,leader–member exchange differentiation,and follower voice

In this study, we draw from the conservation of resources theory and the narcissism literature to examine why and when narcissistic leaders develop and maintain differentiated social relationships with followers in a group setting, therefore demotivating follower voice. Using data from 457 employees and their 95 supervisors working at a large Chinese consulting company, we tested and found support for our hypotheses that leader narcissism had a negative direct effect on employee voice, as well as a negative indirect effect on voice via group-level leader–member exchange (LMX) differentiation. Our findings further showed that leaders' upward exchange, leader–leader exchange (LLX), with their own supervisor moderated the negative indirect effect of narcissism on voice such that this negative indirect effect was stronger in the presence of low leader LLX but turned nonsignificant in the presence of high leader LLX. Theoretical and practical implications of our research are discussed. Limitations and directions for future research are also offered.     

Sorption of styrene from aqueous solutions with oil absorptive resin

We demonstrated the utility of oil-absorbing 4-tert-butylstyrene-divinylbenzene-ethylene/propylene/diene resins in the removal of environmental hormones such as styrene from water. A maximum treatment efficiency of 99.47% was observed when using a static process, while the dynamic process yielded a maximum efficiency of 96.25%. The sorption efficiency was greater for solutions containing higher initial concentrations of styrene and for extended static contact times, but decreased with increasing hydraulic retention time. The influences of styrene concentration, sorption time, and hydraulic retention time on sorption efficiency were successfully predicted using a polynomial equation, sigmoidal function and exponential decay equation, respectively. It was found that the sorption process was well described by a first-order kinetic model.     

大孔吸附树脂在废水处理中的应用

大孔吸附树脂是一类新型高分子聚合物,它具有物理化学稳定性高、吸附选择性高、不受无机物存在的影响、再生简便、解吸条件温和、使用周期长、宜于构成闭路循环、节省费用等诸多优点,广泛应用于各个领域,尤其是废水的处理,具有良好的应用前景。本文综述了大孔吸附树脂的基本原理及其针对各种具体的有机物进行吸附的效果调查情况。     

海洋沉积物-水界面营养盐交换过程的研究1

对胶州湾和渤海沉积物分别进行室内培养实验.结果表明,在沉积物中加入营养盐后,铵氮、硅酸盐由沉积物向水体的迁移增大,铵氮的迁移在总溶解态氮的交换中起主要作用,其交换量约占总溶解态氮扩散量的76%,硝酸盐及磷酸盐由水体向沉积物的迁移减弱.在上覆水中加入营养盐后,硝酸盐、磷酸盐由水体向沉积物的迁移增大,硝酸氮的迁移占总溶解态氮交换的主要部分,约为62%.铵由沉积物向水体的迁移减弱,硅酸盐变成由水体向沉积物迁移.沉积物对于上覆水中营养盐的浓度具有一定的调节作用.无论在充空气或充氮气条件下,磷及硅的交换速率变化不明显,铵氮的迁移占总溶解态氮扩散量的98%以上.充氧条件下硝酸盐由沉积物向上覆水的迁移通量较充氮气条件增加.比较两种不同的通量计算方法(积分和拟合),结果表明由两种计算方法计算的交换速率的变化趋势基本是一致的.     

Lead sorption by a Mexican,clinoptilolite-rich tuff

Goal, Scope and Background The retention of lead by a Mexican, clinoptilolite-rich tuff from Oaxaca (Mexico) at different pH values was evaluated and the lead sorption mechanisms on the zeolitic material in this work were discussed. Methods Isotherms were determined using lead nitrate solutions (initial pH values between 2 and 5) at 303 K. After the equilibrium was reached, the content of lead in the liquid phases was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The elemental composition of the clinoptilolite-rich tuff before and after the lead sorption process was evaluated by electron microscopy. Results The maximum ion exchange capacity of the Mexican, clinoptilolite-rich tuff for lead was 1.4 meq/g at pH 3, considering an ion exchange mechanism in the absence of any precipitated or hydrolyzed lead species in the sorption process or any change in the zeolite network. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were also considered in this work for comparison purposes. Discussion It is important to consider the nature of the sorption processes before choosing a model to describe the interaction between the metal ions and the sorbent. Conclusions The chemical lead speciation, the pH, as well as the characteristics of the clinoptilolite-rich tuff are important factors to be considered on the lead sorption process by natural zeolites. The chemical species involved in that process are Na⁺ from the zeolite and Pb²⁺ from the aqueous solution at pH 2 and 3, so that the ion exchange mechanism explains the lead sorption processes by the clinoptilolite-rich tuff through the ion exchange isotherms. The sodium, Mexican, clinoptilolite-rich tuff is a potential adsorbent for lead from aqueous solutions. Recommendations and Perspectives The natural zeolite-rich tuffs are very important as ion exchangers for the treatment of polluted water due to their sorption properties and low cost. The sorption behavior of each natural material depends on their composition. Mexican, clinoptilolite-rich tuff from Oaxaca (Mexico) could be used for the treatment of waste water contaminated with lead. It would be important to propose this material as an alternative as waste water treatment, because it shows good selectivity for the removal of heavy metals from water.     

Externalities of Fugitive Dust

It is known that fugitive dust can cause human health and environmental problems, alone or in combination with other air pollutants. These problems are referred to as ‘external costs’ that have been traditionally ignored. However, there is a growing interest towards quantifying externalities to assist policy and decision-making. With this in mind, the present study aimed at discussing the environmental regulations that deal with fugitive dust, the impact of fugitive dust on human health and global climate system, and the available methods for calculating fugitive dust externalities. The damage cost associated with human health and global environmental problems was predicted based on the environmental strategy priority model. The damage cost estimated by the model ranged from 40 to 374 EUR/kg of emitted fugitive dust with a mean value of 120 EUR/kg of emitted fugitive dust. It was also found that PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ have contributed to about 60% and 36% of the estimated damage cost, respectively. The remaining 4% was attributed to both nitrate and sulfate aerosols.     

大孔非极性树脂处理TAIC生产废水

TAIC(三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯)作为过氧化物交联或自由基反应交联的助交联剂被广泛使用.由于TAIC性质稳定,难以降解,常规的物化方法对TAIC废水处理效果普遍较差.为了寻找一种新的废水处理工艺,本研究采用了大孔吸附树脂处理TAIC生产废水,并考察了流速、pH、反应时间对处理效果的影响以及反应动力学过程.结果表明,影响该工艺的因素主次关系为:流速＞反应时间＞pH;在最佳进水条件pH为5,流速为4 BV/h,反应时间为120 min时,COD的去除率达到62％以上,TAIC的去除率达到80％以上.反应动力学分析表明,大孔非极性树脂处理TAIC生产废水的过程基本符合二级动力学规律.     

湿热试验设备改造实践研究

湿热试验箱的正常工作的首要条件就是稳定的供水。当前使用的湿热试验箱,由于加湿用水直接采自于市政用水,锅炉水垢一直是影响温湿度试验设备正常运行的一大难题。在日常工作中,为了排除锅炉水垢,尝试了各种办法,实践中发现离子交换方法最为方便,因此通过改造现有试验箱水路结构,以压力引流方式,加入水处理装置,通过水路管道和开关引导加湿用水经过p H调节、过滤、防护、检测仪表、加压等装置,最终进入湿热试验箱锅炉内部,提高进入锅炉的水质,有效解决锅炉水垢的问题。     

高梯度磁分离技术在水处理中的应用及发展

高梯度磁分离技术是一种新型的水处理技术,目前已经得到了大量应用,具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了它的基本原理,综述了该技术在水处理中的应用现状,并做出了展望。     

模拟氮沉降对土壤酸化和土壤盐基离子含量的影响

在温室内对1年生盆栽杉木幼苗进行模拟试验,以研究氮沉降对土壤酸化和土壤盐基离子含量的影响.以NH4NO3为外加氮源,设置5种处理,分别为N0(对照,0 g m-2 a-1,以N计,下同)、N1(6 g m-2 a-1)、N2(12 g m-2 a-1)、N3(24 g m-2 a-1)和N4(48 g m-2 a-1),每处理重复6次.经过18个月的处理后,对盆栽土壤进行取样分析.结果显示,随着氮沉降量的增加,土壤pH值逐渐下降,而土壤交换性酸度和交换性Al3+则不断增加.经N1、N2、N3和N4处理后,土壤交换性盐基总量分别下降6.29%、8.94%、10.07%和10.38%,土壤阳离子交换量分别下降5.07%、7.27%、8.53%和8.83%.随氮沉降量的增加,土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N含量逐渐增加.低氮处理(N1、N2)使土壤交换性K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量增加,而高氮处理(N3、N4)则呈相反趋势.氮沉降由于增加了土壤活性氮的含量,加速了土壤酸化,从而导致了盐基离子的淋失.图3表3参41