新型天然有机高分子阳离子改性絮凝剂的制备研究

为研发绿色絮凝剂,改善水资源短缺现状,以天然有机高分子玉米芯准纳米粉(QCCP,直径<0.147 mm)为母体,用三乙胺与环氧氯丙烷共聚产物为阳离子单体(M)进行改性.采用H2O2-FeSO4作引发剂,制得一种新型天然有机高分子阳离子改性絮凝剂DXSL-Ⅰ,确定了优化的反应条件.将2.0 g QCCP与含有0.7 g NaOH的8 mL水混合,40 ℃条件下碱化60 min.然后,加入8 mL醚化单体和体系总质量0.01%引发剂以及0.1% NaCl作为抑制剂,55 ℃条件下醚化3.5 h.实验表明,用该絮凝剂絮凝处理高岭土悬浊液时,不到5 min中层透光率就能达到95%以上.其絮凝性能达到传统絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺的技术指标.此外,运用红外谱图化学结构分析和扫描电镜介观形貌分析辅助说明了改性反应的成功.     

Brilliant red X-3B uptake by a novel polycyclodextrin-modified magnetic cationic hydrogel: Performance, kinetics and mechanism

A novel polycyclodextrin-modified magnetic cationic hydrogel (PCD-MCH) was developed and its performance, kinetics and mechanism for the removal of reactive brilliant red X-3B (X-3B) were studied. The results showed that the zeta-potential of PCD-MCH was 32.8 to 16.7 mV at pH 3.0–10.5. The maximum X-3B adsorption capacity of PCD-MCH was 2792.3 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics could be well-described by the Weber–Morris model and the homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM). Diffusion stages corresponding to surface or film diffusion, intra-particle or wide mesopore diffusion, and narrow mesopore/micropore diffusion occurred at 0–120, 120–480 and 480–1200 min, respectively. The latter two diffusion stages were rate-controlling for X-3B adsorption kinetics. At the initial X-3B concentration of 600 mg/L, the diffusion coefficient (D_s) and external mass transfer coefficient in the liquid phase (k_F) were 3 × 10^?11 cm²/min and 4.68 × 10^?6 cm/min, respectively. X-3B approaching the center of PCD-MCH particles could be observed at 360 min. At the end of the third diffusion stage, the C_p at q/q_e = 0 was 45.20 mg/L, which was close to the homogeneous C_p value of 46 mg/L along the radius of PCD-MCH particles. At pH 3.0–10.0, PCD-MCH showed stable X-3B adsorption capacities. After five regeneration-reuse cycles, the residual adsorption capacity of regenerated PCD-MCH was higher than 892.7 mg/g. The corresponding adsorption mechanism was identified as involving electrostatic interactions, cyclodextrin cavities and hydrogen bonds, of which cyclodextrin cavities showed prominent capture performance towards dye molecules through the formation of inclusion complexes.     

NiO-Al_2O_3催化臭氧化降解阳离子红GTL模拟废水

采用浸渍法制备了NiO-Al2O3催化臭氧化催化剂,以阳离子红GTL模拟废水为目标化合物,考察了臭氧投加量、催化剂用量、不同工艺对阳离子红GTL去除率的影响,并通过循环使用实验,考察了催化剂的稳定性;通过添加无机阴离子、叔丁醇和采用紫外-可见吸收光谱方法,初步探讨了催化臭氧化处理阳离子红GTL的反应机理。结果表明:在臭氧投加量为1.75g/h,NiO-Al2O3催化剂量0.5g/L,初始pH=7.0时,100mg/L的阳离子红GTL模拟废水经14min的反应去除率可以达到98.48%,COD去除率可以达到78.79%;在循环使用过程中催化剂的催化能力保持稳定;添加Cl-、SO42-对染料的去除有减缓作用,而CO32-可以加快阳离子红GTL的去除速率;羟基自由基在O3/NiO-Al2O3体系去除阳离子红GTL过程中发挥了重要的作用。     

高密度电荷阳离子聚电解质的制备及应用

采用酯交换反应合成高密度电荷阳离子聚电解质（粘均分子量260万、电荷密度45％）．用于油污泥的混凝处理。试验结果表明．高密度电荷阳离子聚电解质可以使粘土颗粒表面Zeta电位中和到0mV,并使油污泥实现油、水与泥渣三相分层,油品回收率达82％     

阳离子淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物絮凝剂的制备及其絮凝性能

研究了阳离子淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应制备阳离子型絮凝剂的工艺,并用硅藻土悬浊液及实际水样对产物的絮凝性能进行了考察。其最佳合成条件：阳离子淀粉与丙烯酰胺的质量比为1：4,引发剂加入量为丙烯酰胺质量的0．1％,反应温度50℃,反应时间3h。絮凝效果实验中,接枝共聚物絮凝剂的最佳加入量为4mg／L。与阳离子淀粉和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂相比,接枝共聚物絮凝剂对渭河水及造纸网下白水的絮凝效果更好。     

Influence of the initial state of carbon nanotubes on their colloidal stability under natural conditions

The colloidal stability of dry and suspended carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the presence of amphiphilic compounds (i.e. natural organic matter or surfactants) at environmentally realistic concentrations was investigated over several days. The suspensions were analyzed for CNT concentration (UV-vis spectroscopy), particle size (nanoparticle tracking analysis), and CNT length and dispersion quality (TEM). When added in dry form, around 1% of the added CNTs remained suspended. Pre-dispersion in organic solvent or anionic detergent stabilized up to 65% of the added CNTs after 20 days of mild shaking and 5 days of settling. The initial state of the CNTs (dry vs. suspended) and the medium composition hence are critical determinants for the partitioning of CNTs between sediment and the water column. TEM analysis revealed that single suspended CNTs were present in all suspensions and that shaking and settling resulted in a fractionation of the CNTs with shorter CNTs remaining predominantly in suspension.     

反相乳液聚合制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺及其絮凝性能评价

研究了单体浓度、单体配比、反应温度、引发剂用量等因素对所制备的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺特性粘度、转化率、阳离子度的影响,并对产品的污水絮凝性能进行了评价。较佳的制备条件为:单体浓度为45%,单体配比为7∶3,引发剂用量m(引发剂)/m(单体)为0.5%,引发温度为45℃。用红外光谱对共聚物进行了结构表征,结果表明聚合物中有六元氮杂环的存在,达到预定要求。对共聚物进行了油田污水絮凝性能评价,研究表明单独使用自制阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)时浊度的去除率为86.22%,COD去除率为87.95%,与聚合氯化铝复配使用时浊度去除率提高到92.91%,COD去除率提高到92.68%。     

Removal of total cyanide in coking wastewater during a coagulation process：Significance of organic polymers

Whether a cationic organic polymer can remove more total cyanide （TCN） than a non-ionic organic polymer during the same flocculation system has not been reported previously. In this study, the effects of organic polymers with different charge density on the removal mechanisms of TCN in coking wastewater are investigated by polyferric sulfate （PFS） with a cationic organic polymer （PFS-C） or a non-ionic polymer （PFS-N）. The coagulation experiments results show that residual concentrations of TCN （Fe（CN）6^3-） after PFS-C flocculation （TCN 〈 0.2 mg/L） are much lower than that after PFS-N precipitation. This can be attributed to the different TCN removal mechanisms of the individual organic polymers. To investigate the roles of organic polymers, physical and structural characteristics of the floes are analyzed by FT-IR, XPS, TEM and XRD. Owing to the presence of N＋ in PFS-C, Fe（CN）3- and negative flocs （Fe（CN）63- adsorbed on ferric hydroxides） can be removed via charge neutralization and electrostatic patch flocculation by the cationic organic polymer. However, non-ionic N in PFS-N barely reacts with cyanides through sweeping or bridging, which indicates that the non-ionic polymer has little influence on TCN removal.     

HDTMA改性粘土对模拟地下水中苯系物的吸附

以季铵盐（QAC）阳离子表面活性剂十交烷基三甲基铵离子（HDTMA）改性膨润土和凹凸棒土,研究它们对模拟地下水中的苯、甲苯、二甲苯的吸附作用.结果表明,两种HDTMA改性粘土矿物的有机质含量分别提高了54．8和404.5倍,它们可以有效地吸附模拟地下水中的苯系物,吸附量比原粘土矿物高出几十全几百倍对苯、甲苯、二甲苯来说,改性凹凸棒土和膨润士的吸附系数分别是原土的79.5和289倍、106和334倍、418和578倍吸附机理较复杂,主要以分配为主.     

阳离子表面活性剂聚集行为的热力学研究

为了深入了解阳离子表面活性剂溶液在复杂体系中的物理化学性质,以十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模型,通过电导法和表面张力法研究其在水相体系中的聚集行为。测定两种表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度CMC、胶束离解度β、胶束聚集数n和表面过剩吸附量Γs。由CMC与温度T的关系,应用准相分离模型计算了胶束化热力学参数ΔmicG0、ΔmicH0和ΔmicS0,结果表明ΔmicG0为负值,而且随温度变化很小,ΔmicH0的值相对于TΔmicS0来说小得多,表明胶束化过程为熵驱动过程。