不同剖面层次土壤磷素运移研究

以陕西杨凌地区塿土为研究对象,通过饱和稳定流土柱运移试验,测定磷酸盐(H_2PO_4~-)在不同层次土壤中的运移穿透曲线(BTC),应用CDE模型、CXTFIT软件程序对其实测穿透曲线(BTC)进行拟合求其运移参数,研究其运移规律。结果表明,磷酸盐在塿土中的运移受到土壤的强烈阻滞作用,随着CaCO_3含量增加,磷酸盐运移所受的阻滞作用增大。磷酸盐在塿土不同剖面层次中运移所受阻滞作用大小与CaCO_3含量呈极显著的正相关,r=0.9791;而与粘粒含量且成极显著的负相关、r=0.9318。磷酸盐在塿土不同土层运移所受阻滞作用大小顺序为:钙积层>堆垫表层>粘化层,其阻滞因子R值分别为:11.80～13.00,5.20～7.00,3.90～5.00。     

一株纤维素降解细菌的分离及特性研究

从造纸厂污泥中分离得到了一株能以纤维素为唯一碳源生长良好的纤维素降解菌w 3 ,经鉴定 ,该菌株为假单胞菌属 (Pseu domonassp.) ,不产色。最适生长及产酶温度为 30℃ ,产酶最适pH值为 7.5 ,生长及产酶高峰出现在 2 0h ,比文献报道的时间提前较多 ,CMC酶活为 60 μg/min。另外 ,w 3能较好地适应微碱性的环境。对造纸废水处理非常有利。     

Meteorological mechanism for a large-scale persistent severe ozone pollution event over eastern China in 2017

An intensive and persistent regional ozone pollution event occurred over eastern China from 25 June to 5 July 2017.73 out of 96 selected cities,most located in the Beijing-TianjinHebei and the surrounding area(BTHS),suffered severe ozone pollution.A north-south contrast ozone distribution,with higher ozone(199±33 μg/m~3) in the BTHS and lower ozone(118±25 μg/m~3) in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD),was found to be dominated by the position of the West Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH) and mid-high latitude wave activities.In the BTHS,the positive anomalies of geopotential height at 500 hPa and temperature at the surface indicated favorable meteorological conditions for local ozone formation.Prevailing northwesterly winds in the mid-high troposphere and warm advection induced by weak southerly winds in the low troposphere resulted in low-moderate relative humidity(RH),less total cloud cover(TGC),strong solar radiation and high temperatures.Moreover,southerly winds prevailing over the BTHS aggravated the pollution due to regional transportation of O_3 and its precursors.On one hand,the deep sinking motion and inversion layer suppressed the dispersion of pollutants.On the other hand,O_3-rich air in the upper layer was maintained at night due to temperature inversion,which facilitated O_3 vertical transport to the surface in the next-day morning due to elevated convection.Generally,temperature,UV radiation,and RH showed good correlations with O_3 in the BTHS,with rates of 8.51(μg/m~3)/℃(within the temperature range of 20-38℃),59.54(μg/m~3)/(MJ/m~2)and-1.93 μg/m~3)/%,respectively.     

序批式反应器运行过程中动态生物膜阻力分析

以水力学知识为基础,通过试验研究序批式反应器运行过程中动态生物膜滤饼层阻力、凝胶层阻力以及膜基材固有阻力的变化规律,结果表明:序批式反应方式导致动态生物膜各部分阻力及相应贡献率有明显的变化;动态膜处于浸没状态时,阻力主要来自滤饼层,贡献率为52.4%,出水过程中随着膜组件逐渐露出水面,动态膜总阻力依次变小,滤饼层阻力减小,贡献率最终降为5.46%,而凝胶层阻力却增大,贡献率增至44.9%,完全出水时,膜基材固有阻力成为生物膜主要部分,贡献率为69.1%;MLSS在4 700～9 400 mg/L范围内,动态膜阻力基本保持稳定;高气水比和低污泥浓度可以显著降低动态生物膜运行阻力。     

铀尾矿充填体氡析出规律理论研究

堆浸铀尾矿用作地下充填法采场的充填料是处理铀尾矿的一种方法。将铀尾矿作为充填料时,其内残留的镭衰变产生的氡气会从其表面析出,污染井下作业环境。基于氡在介质中纯扩散的理论,研究了在尾矿介质孔隙率为0.3、铀尾矿中镭活度浓度为3 400 Bq/kg、干燥时铀尾矿的射气系数为0.1、铀尾矿的密度为2.5×103kg/m3的条件下,含水饱和度、孔隙率、覆盖层厚度等物理参数对铀尾矿充填体氡析出的影响规律。结果表明:无覆盖层时,含水饱和度在0~0.25的范围内,随含水饱和度增加,铀尾矿介质表面氡析出率先增加后减小,含水饱和度从0增加到0.12时,铀尾矿介质表面氡析出率从5 Bq/(m2·s)增加到11 Bq/(m2·s),含水饱和度从0.12增加到0.25时,铀尾矿介质表面氡析出率从11 Bq/(m2·s)减小到10.5 Bq/(m2·s);有覆盖层时,铀尾矿介质厚度为3 m,添加孔隙率为0.05的覆盖层,当覆盖层厚度从0增加到0.1 m时,介质表面氡析出率减小67.5%,当覆盖层厚度增加到0.5 m时,介质表面氡析出率减小91.8%。     

平原地区局地空气质量模式的对比研究

选取国外有代表性的新一代空气质量模式系统(HPDM、PPSP、AMS)和我国目前广泛采用的模式(称为EIA模式)进行对比研究,研究表明,理论上HPDM总体上比PPSP、AMS和EIA模式更为合理,物理框架上更为完善.     

高效去除重金属的改性聚合物膜研究进展

概述了改性聚合物膜在重金属去除领域的应用及研究进展,介绍了表面改性、共混改性以及支撑层改性等改性方法。分析了改性聚合物膜表面或基体内部的官能团与功能材料对重金属去除效果的影响及主要作用机理。指出:支撑层改性可以有效提高膜基体孔内负载吸附剂的分散性进而提高重金属吸附量,但改性聚合物膜的稳定性有待进一步评估和提升。     

广州旱季双高污染及消光系数垂直分布特征

利用2017年12月6日～2018年1月3日地面常规气象资料、空气质量6参数、光化辐射资料、气溶胶吸收和散射系数、单次散射反照率、激光雷达反演的气溶胶消光系数与退偏比数据,分析广州地区气象参数变化对污染物浓度的影响和气溶胶对光化辐射的衰减,研究双高(高气溶胶与高O3)污染的形成机理,并从垂直角度探究了双高日边界层内消光...     

不同尺度大气系统对污染边界层的影响及其水平流场输送

大气边界层不仅受地面的影响,也受不同尺度大气系统的直接影响。根据在北京市沿南北方向分布的3台激光雷达阵和地面同步的粒子观测数据,选择一次重污染过程进行情景分析,研究不同尺度大气系统对该过程粒子边界层的影响,分析边界层内粒子浓度输送的动态变化。提出北京地区重污染形势的形成原因。对区域性大气污染边界层研究,将有助于对区域及城市污染形成机制的进一步认识。      

Effects of benthic hydraulics on sediment oxygen demand in a canyon-shaped deep drinking water reservoir: Experimental and modeling study

Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) is a major contributor to hypolimnetic oxygen depletion and the release of internal nutrient loading. By measuring the SOD in experimental chambers using in both dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion and diffusional oxygen transfer methods, a model of SOD for a sediment bed with water current-induced turbulence was presented. An experimental study was also performed using near-sediment vertical DO profiles and correlated hydraulic parameters stimulated using a computational fluid dynamics model to determine how turbulences and DO concentrations in the overlying water affects SOD and diffusive boundary layer thickness. The dependence of the oxygen transfer coefficient and diffusive boundary layer on hydraulic parameters was quantified, and the SOD was expressed as a function of the shear velocity and the bulk DO concentrations. Theoretical predictions were validated using microelectrode measurements in a series of laboratory experiments. This study found that flow over the sediment surface caused an increase in SOD, attributed to enhanced sediment oxygen uptake and reduced substances fluxes, i.e., for a constant maximum biological oxygen consumption rate, an increased current over the sediment could increase the SOD by 4.5 times compared to stagnant water. These results highlight the importance of considering current-induced SOD increases when designing and implementing aeration/artificial mixing strategies.