The effect of thiacloprid formulation on DNA/chromosome damage and changes in GST activity in bovine peripheral lymphocytes

The potential genotoxic effect of thiacloprid formulation on bovine peripheral lymphocytes was evaluated using the comet assay and the cytogenetic endpoints: chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and micronuclei (MNi). Whole blood cultures were treated with the insecticide at concentrations of 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 μg mL^?1 for 24, 48 h and/or 2 h of incubation. A statistically significant increase in the frequency of DNA damage, as well as in unstable chromosome aberrations (% breaks) were found after exposure to the insecticide at concentrations ranging from 120 to 480 μg mL^?1 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001). For the detection of stable structural chromosome aberrations (e.g., translocations) and numerical aberrations by the FISH method, three whole chromosome painting probes for bovine chromosomes 1, 5 and 7 (BTA1, BTA5 and BTA7) were used in our experiments. We observed numerical aberrations, but without any statistical significance. Regarding the sister chromatid exchanges, no significant elevation in the SCE frequencies was found after 24-h exposure to the insecticide. A dose-related response in the SCE induction was obtained in bovine cultures after the prolonged time of exposure (48 h) to thiacloprid formulation at concentrations ranging from 120 to 480 μg mL^?1 in each donor (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), which was associated with a reduction of the PI (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The insecticide failed to produce MNi; however, a significant reduction of CBPI was observed. Using real-time PCR, a decrease in the expression of bovine glutathione S-transferase M3 (GSTM3) was detected at the lowest dose. The higher concentrations of thiacloprid formulation caused an increase in the mRNA expression.     

Experiences with unexpected structural chromosome aberrations in prenatal diagnosis in a danish series

The investigation of 5547 prenatal diagnoses showed 31 unexpected structural chromosome rearrangements. These included 3 Robertsonian translocations, 14 reciprocal translocations and 14 inversions. A11 were balanced, including 5 de novo rearrangements. In 3 of these cases an induced abortion was performed and in 2 cases children without detectable malformations were delivered.     

Prenatal interphase FISH diagnosis of PLP1 duplication associated with Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease

A submicroscopic genomic duplication in Xq22.2 that contains the entire proteolipid protein 1 gene (PLP1) is responsible for the majority of Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease (PMD) patients. We previously developed an interphase FISH assay to screen for PLP1 duplications in PMD patients using peripheral blood and lymphoblastoid cell lines. This assay has been utilized as a clinical diagnostic test in our cytogenetics laboratory. To expand usage of the interphase FISH assay to prenatal diagnosis of PLP1 duplications, we examined three PMD families with PLP1 duplications utilizing aminiotic fluid samples. In two families the FISH assay revealed fetuses with PLP1 duplications, whereas the other fetus showed a normal copy number of PLP1. Haplotype analyses, as well as an additional FISH analysis using postnatal blood samples, confirmed the results of the prenatal analyses. Our study demonstrates utility of the interphase FISH assay in the prenatal diagnosis of PLP1 duplications in PMD. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

phlb基因在普通小麦与簇毛麦杂种F1中的作用

通过CS、CSph1b与Haynaldiavillosa杂交,幼胚拯救,获杂种F1,其结实率分别为6．67％（12／18）、625％（25／400）对杂种F1植株花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体行为观察发现CS×H.villosa杂种F1平均每PMC仅有1．61条染色体形成二价体和三价体,平均构型为2n＝28＝26．391＋0．79Ⅱ＋0．007Ⅲ,平均染色体交叉数为0．84;而CSph1b×H．villosa杂种F1每PMC中有14．43条染色体发生联会,形成二价体和多价体,平均约型为2n＝28＝13．551Ⅰ＋5．95Ⅱ＋0．55Ⅲ＋0．22Ⅳ,为9．72,其中56％以上的PMC具1～4个多价体（三、四价体）表明Ph1b基因强烈诱导了普通小麦与H.villosa间的部分同源染色体配对杂种F1育性极差,自交均不结实.CS×H.villosa杂种F1与CS回交结实率为6．67％（4／60）,但CSph1b×H．villosa杂种F1与CS、CSph1b回交极难,结实率仅为0．45％（6／1320）．CSph1b×H．villosa杂种已与普通小麦回交成功,为利用ph1b实现簇毛麦优良基因直接对小麦遗转移奠定了基础．