Sorption and desorption of diuron on Typic Argiudoll,Oxic Argiudoll and on their clay fractions: environmental aspects

Abstract

The sorption and desorption of diuron by soil samples from Horizons A and B (HA and HB) and by their different clay fractions were investigated, using two soil samples, classified as Typic Argiudoll and Oxic Argiudoll. The sorption and desorption curves were adjusted to the Freundlich model and evaluated by parameters K_f, K_d and K_oc. Based on the data of groundwater ubiquity score (GUS), leachability index (LIX) and hysteresis index (HI), the risk of groundwater pollution was evaluated. The K_d values obtained for soil samples were between 4.5?mL g^?1 (Oxic Argiudoll – HB) and 15.9?mL g^?1 (Typic Argiudoll – HA) and between 1.13 and 14.0?mL g^?1 for the different mineral fractions, whereas the K_oc values varied between 276 (Oxic Argiudoll – HB) and 462 (Typic Argiudoll – HA). According to the parameter GUS, only Oxic Argiudoll – HB presented leaching potential, and based on the LIX index this same soil presented the highest leaching potential. Some samples presented low LIX and GUS values, indicating no leaching potential, but none presented HI results indicative of hysteresis, suggesting weak bonds between diuron and the soil samples and, hence, the risk of groundwater pollution by diuron.     

沸石改性天然粘土防渗层性能研究

用不同比例的沸石对天然粘土进行改性,对改性粘土防渗层的渗透性、去除主要污染物的有效性和控制渗滤液渗透的可行性进行研究。实验结果表明改性粘土防渗层的渗透系数随沸石比例的增加而增大,如果沸石的配比适当,其渗透系数可达到低于1×10-7cm/s的现行标准,而且提高了防渗层的污染物去除能力。因此,沸石改性粘土作为垃圾填埋场防渗材料是可行的。     

粘土覆盖层对防治污水渗漏污染地下水作用的研究

本文通过实际类比的研究方法 ,对粘土覆盖层防治污水明渠渗漏污染地下水的作用进行了探讨 ,并确定了粘土覆盖层防止地面污水渗漏污染地下水所必需的临界厚度范围。     

Microbial Communities in Composite Biofilms Participating in the Degradation of PCB

A moorland soil site polluted with PCB showed a high diversity ofmetabolically active bacteria. Beside frequent types of 16S rRNAsequences similar to those of the species ofSphingomonasand the Acidobacterium phylum an unusual high number ofsequences from the genus Burkholderia were found. Burkholderia was also the main genus in isolates enriched onbiphenyl or various chlorobenzoates. In microcosm experimentssterilized surfaces exposed to PCB polluted soil always showed thepresence of clay aggregates formed by bacteria attached to thesubstratum. The bacteria use the PCB loaded clay colloids astransport medium for the water insoluble substrate to get accessto the carbon source. This is a novel mechanism of how bacteria dealwith hydrophobic substrates.     

KI改性黏土脱除烟气中单质汞的研究

卤素改性材料对烟气中单质汞的去除具有较高的效率,黏土(膨润土)在我国分布广,资源丰富且廉价易得.为探究KI改性黏土对烟气中单质汞的脱除效率,以浸渍法制得了KI改性膨润土,研究了不同KI负载量、不同吸附温度及不同烟气氛围下,改性膨润土对Hg0的脱除效率和累积吸附量,并与原始膨润土进行对比.运用比表面分析(BET)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)及热重分析法(TGA)等方法对材料的物理化学特性进行了分析.结果表明,KI改性大大提升膨润土对Hg0的脱除效率,并且Hg0的脱除效率随着KI负载量的加大而上升.温度提高了吸附剂吸附Hg0的性质,吸附剂主要表现为化学吸附.O2有利于吸附剂对Hg0的吸附.SO2对吸附剂吸附Hg0有轻微的促进作用,H2O的存在对吸附剂吸附Hg0具有很强的抑制作用.     

237Np在饱和浙江红粘土中迁移参数的优化

依据放射性核素237 Np在浙江红土饱和土柱中浓度分布,采用单纯形优化算法对237 Np在饱和浙江红粘土中的迁移参数进行了优化,得到的目标函数χ2为0.45,而用实验测得的迁移参数计算得到的目标函数χ2为0.75。结果表明:迁移参数的优化结果与实验测量结果有很好的一致性,可直接依据核素浓度分布采用优化方法确定核素迁移参数。     

调水调沙工程长期实施对黄河口近岸沉积物粒度分布与黏土矿物组成特征的影响

基于对2013年10月获取的黄河口近岸海域28个沉积物样品的激光粒度分析和X-射线衍射(XRD)分析,探讨了调水调沙工程长期实施对沉积物粒度分布以及蒙皂石、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石这4种矿物组成特征的影响.结果表明,2002年调水调沙工程实施以来,黄河口近岸海域的沉积物粒度尽管在砂含量上(平均约占23.5%)较渤海海域和黄河沉积物高,但仍主要以粉砂为主(平均约占59.1%),黏土组分相对较少(平均约占17.4%).黄河口近岸海域的黏土矿物组成与黄河沉积物的组成相近,但较调水调沙工程实施前存在较大差异,其不同组分含量整体表现为伊利石蒙皂石绿泥石高岭石.研究发现,相对渤海海域大范围的研究,对黄河口近岸海域的局部研究更能揭示调水调沙工程长期实施对河口沉积环境的影响.     

苏州地区硬粘土粒度和元素地球化学特征及其环境意义

长江三角洲晚更新世硬质粘土地层对于认识该区域晚更新世环境变化、现代工程建设等均具有重要意义,而其成因尚存较大争议。本文通过对苏州地区葑亭大道钻孔硬粘土地层样品进行粒度与元素地球化学分析,探讨其成因与古环境指示意义。结果表明:(1)苏州地区硬粘土平均粒径为5.2~7.1Φ,以粉砂颗粒为主,中、细粉砂颗粒含量在65%以上,频率曲线呈双峰分布,粒度谱分布为正偏态,分选较差;(2)环境判别显示其为风成堆积物,与南京、镇江下蜀黄土分布特征相似;(3)元素分析显示,硬粘土出现不同程度Na、P元素亏损和Mn、Al元素富集,化学风化作用处于中等风化阶段;(4)硬粘土层的上段和下段在粒度和元素特征上有明显区别,下段粒度明显偏粗,风化程度相对较弱。