铀尾矿库中核素U(Ⅵ)的扩散迁移试验

利用自制的设备,采用水平土柱吸渗法,测定了不同参数土壤中铀溶液的质量浓度,通过Fick扩散第二定律推导的公式计算其扩散系数。并对比氯离子迁移试验,探讨了时间、距离、土质、孔隙度等对铀扩散的影响,进而研究尾矿库中核素U(Ⅵ)的运移扩散规律。结果表明:铀和氯离子在砂质土壤中的扩散均比在黏质土壤中快,氯离子在黏土中的扩散系数D=0.354×10~(-3)m~3/d,在砂土中的扩散系数D=1.830×10~(-3)m~3/d,铀在黏土的扩散系数D=0.950×10~(-3)m~3/d,在砂土中的扩散系数D=1.623×10~(-3)m~3/d;铀在土壤中的质量浓度随扩散时间延长逐渐增大,且与扩散距离呈比例关系;铀在土壤中的扩散系数随土壤孔隙度增大而变大。     

北京市安定生活垃圾填埋场膜覆盖工艺甲烷减排量评估

为减少臭气污染和温室气体排放,北京市生活垃圾填埋场于2008年开始推行膜覆盖工艺。目前对于膜覆盖工艺甲烷减排效果尚缺乏综合评估。选择北京市安定生活垃圾填埋场为研究对象,采用现场测量与模型估算分析评估了2014年填埋场膜覆盖工艺与传统黏土覆盖工艺甲烷排放量的差异。结果表明:填埋场膜覆盖工艺和传统黏土覆盖工艺的甲烷年总排放量分别为3.43×10~6m~3和5.56×10~6m~3,膜覆盖工艺甲烷年减排量为2.13×10~6m~3,减排率达到38.3%,甲烷减排效果明显。     

粘土矿物对重金属有害元素吸附性研究

文章从粘土矿物主要性能出发,结合粘土矿物吸附能力试验和已知采矿污染区粘土矿物吸附能力测试,研究了蒙脱石、高岭石、伊利石等粘土矿物对Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg等重金属有害元素的吸附性,探讨了粘土矿物在水污染治理中的应用。     

再生白土无污染生产技术的研究

用低浓度的废酸水对废白土进行活化,并采用洗涤水循环漂洗的方法,对再生白土无污染生产技术进行研究,以期循环利用废白土,保护环境,节约资源。结果表明：废酸水浓度为15％,固液比1：3,酸化时间3h时,再生白土脱色率为98．0％。     

粘土,硅藻土,聚乙烯瓶和玻璃瓶对碘的吸附行为

本文以Na~(125)I为示踪剂,在模拟地下水介质条件下研究了粘土和硅藻土对长寿命裂变产物~(129)I(T_(1/2)=1.57×10~7a)的吸附规律。实验发现,在pH6—7的地下水介质中,粘土和硅藻土对I~-的吸附服从Freundlich等温吸附经验公式,但吸附百分率较小(≤5％)。 对无载体~(125)I在实验用聚乙烯瓶和玻璃瓶上的吸附研究表明,碘的氧化态(I_3~-或IO_3~((?))要比I~-更易被吸附。     

Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of arsenic in an abandoned mine tailings of Korea

The mineralogical and chemical characteristics of As solid phases in arsenic-rich mine tailings from the Nakdong As–Bi mine in Korea was investigated. The tailings generated from the ore roasting process contained 4.36% of As whereas the concentration was up to 20.2% in some tailings from the cyanidation process for the Au extraction. Thin indurated layers and other secondary precipitates had formed at the surfaces of the tailings piles and the As contents of the hardened layers varied from 2.87 to 16.0%. Scorodite and iron arsenate (Fe₃AsO₇) were the primary As-bearing crystalline minerals. Others such as arsenolamprite, bernardite and titanium oxide arsenate were also found. The amorphous As–Fe phases often showed framboidal aggregates and gel type textures with desiccation cracks. Sequential extraction results also showed that 55.7–91.1% of the As in tailings were NH₄-oxalate extractable As, further confirmed the predominance of amorphous As–Fe solid phases. When the tailings were equilibrated with de-ionized water, the solution exhibited extremely acidic conditions (pH 2.01–3.10) and high concentrations of dissolved As (up to 29.5 mg L⁻¹), indicating high potentials for As to be released during rainfall events. The downstream water was affected by drainage from tailings and contained 12.7–522 μg L⁻¹ of As. The amorphous As–Fe phases in tailings have not entirely been stabilized through the long term natural weathering processes. To remediate the environmental harms they had caused, anthropogenic interventions to stabilize or immobilize As in the tailings pile should be explored.     

粘土吸附剂在废水处理中的应用

粘土类矿物因具有独特的层状结构而表现出良好的吸附和离子交换性能 ,在废水处理中有广阔的应用前景。本文在介绍了膨润土、蒙脱土、凹凸棒土、硅藻土和海泡石等粘土矿物的结构和性质的基础上 ,对其作为吸附剂在废水处理中的应用研究情况进行了综述 ,并对其以后的发展进行了讨论     

Comparison of the thermal properties of clay samples as potential walling material for naturally cooled building design

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碳水化合物在土壤中的分布特征及其环境意义

碳水化合物是土壤中最活跃的有机质成分之一 ,其在土壤中的行为要受到诸如土壤密度和颗粒粒度、季节和微生物等因素的影响。由于碳水化合物与粘土、各种离子之间存在着广泛的相互作用 ,它能稳定土壤结构 ,在一定程度上减少土壤及有用物质的流失 ,保持土壤环境的稳定。碳水化合物在土壤中的行为规律较为明显 ,并且来源差异能反映在单糖组分上 ,正因为如此 ,碳水化合物可以作为指示剂和参照物来反映有机质在土壤的降解与迁移     

粘土作为垃圾填埋临时覆盖材料的探讨

通过对粘土作为临时覆盖材料的探讨 ,指出了粘土作为临时覆盖材料的缺点。并提出对现行垃圾填埋作业规范应作出相应的修改 ,以便使临时覆盖发挥更佳的经济效益和社会效益