河南省洼村粘土矿床地质特征及成因探讨

本文论述了洼村粘土矿床地质特征，成矿模式。根据成矿物质来源等方面研究，认为含矿岩系的物源主要来自碳酸盐岩的红土风化壳。矿床是在海侵过程中风化壳解体，经搬运、沉积、成岩及表生作用形成。     

干湿循环与垃圾渗滤液耦合作用下GCL防渗性能

开展膨胀指数和渗透系数测定试验,研究干湿循环与垃圾渗滤液渗透耦合作用下膨润土的膨胀性能和土工合成黏土衬垫（GCL）防渗性能变化规律.结果表明,干湿循环与垃圾渗滤液渗透耦合作用对膨润土的膨胀性能和GCL的防渗性能具有显著负面影响：在7次干湿循环后,垃圾渗滤液饱和的膨润土的膨胀指数从20mL/2g降低至7.5mL/2g,GCL的渗透系数从1.65×10^-11m/s增加到1.89×10^-7m/s.膨胀指数下降和渗透系数升高的根本原因是膨润土渗透膨胀性能的丧失.单纯的垃圾渗滤液渗透不会改变GCL的渗透系数.将有效应力从20kPa升高至150kPa,可以促使GCL的渗透系数降低4个数量级,满足填埋场防渗要求（< 5.0x10^-11m/s）.     

洛川红黏土-黄土记录的风向变化及磁组构与磁化率对气候变化的敏感性对比

磁组构分析是研究季风风向的一种常用手段。对洛川黄土剖面黄土-红黏土界线附近地层进行磁组构研究表明:洛川剖面新近纪—第四纪过渡时期,风向整体呈南北向,且从红黏土沉积阶段到黄土沉积阶段,风向呈现顺时针方向的微小偏移,这可能与新近纪到第四纪的气候变化背景有关。另外,磁化率各向异性度P、磁线理L、磁面理F等参数曲线与磁化率曲线的对比显示:磁化率各向异性P、L、F参数的变化稍超前于磁化率曲线的变化,这与蓝田段家坡剖面的磁组构研究结果类似。导致以上结果的原因尚未确定,但可能与磁组构信息被记录于沉积物的速度快于沉积物磁化率值的改变有关。     

两性复配修饰黏土对苏丹草修复Cu2+污染紫色土的影响

为了探索添加吸附材料对植物修复Cu²⁺污染土壤的影响,选取不同十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱 （BS-12）和十四烷基磺酸钠 （STS）复配修饰比例（50%BS-12+25%STS、50%BS-12+50%STS和50%BS-12+100%STS）的膨润土作为吸附材料,将其分别以1%的质量比加入到紫色土（PS）中,形成PS（对照）、PBS₂₅（50%BS-12+25%STS修饰膨润土混合紫色土）、PBS₅₀和PBS₁₀₀四种混合土样。采用盆栽实验对比苏丹草在0（CK）、50、100、200和500 mg/L Cu²⁺污染混合土样中的发芽率、株高、地上部和根系生物量,并分析混合土样和苏丹草对Cu²⁺污染的修复效果。结果显示,随着Cu²⁺处理浓度的增加,苏丹草在PS上的种子发芽率逐渐降低,而在各PBS土样上的发芽率基本保持先增加后稳定的趋势;不同Cu²⁺污染混合土样上的苏丹草株高均随生长时间的增加而增加。苏丹草地上部、根系干重和鲜重在PBS₂₅、PBS₅₀土样上均随Cu²⁺处理浓度的增大而降低,而在PS和PBS₁₀₀土样上均随Cu²⁺处理浓度的增加先增加后降低,峰值分别出现在200和100 mg/L的Cu²⁺处理。Cu²⁺污染处理下苏丹草各生理指标之间均保持中度以上正相关关系,且相关系数表现为PBS₁₀₀最高、PBS₂₅和PBS₅₀次之、PS最低的趋势。各混合土样对Cu²⁺的吸附能力表现为PBS₂₅ > PBS₅₀ > PBS₁₀₀ > PS,苏丹草对Cu²⁺的富集含量表现为PS > PBS₁₀₀ > PBS₅₀ > PBS₂₅的趋势,苏丹草联合两性复配黏土修复Cu²⁺污染紫色土的修复率达99%以上。     

溶剂抽提法回收白土渣中的润滑油

研究开发了一种回收白土渣中润滑油的新技术－溶剂抽提技术，试验结果表明：选择的抽提溶剂为60－90℃石脑油馏分，溶剂与白土渣投量比为1：1，抽提级数为二级，温度为室温，搅拌时间为15min，回流液中润滑油的质量分数为5％时，润滑油回收率为92％左右，并且可形成稳定的循环操作模式，该项研究为白土渣的处理提供了一个可行的，处理效果好的新方法、经济、社会、环境效益显著。     

Solar active fire clay based hetero-Fenton catalyst over a wide pH range for degradation of Acid Violet 7

Fe(Ⅲ) immobilized fire clay (Fe-FC) was prepared using ferric nitrate by solid state dispersion method and this hetero-Fenton catalyst was applied for the degradation of Acid Violet 7 (AV 7) under natural sunlight. The 26% ferric nitrate loaded fire clay was found to be most efficient. The experimental conditions such as solution pH, H₂O₂ concentration for efficient degradation of AV 7 have been determined. Unlike Fenton catalyst, Fe-FC is photoactive over a wide pH range of 3-7. This catalyst was found to be stable and reusable. The GC-MS analysis of experimental solutions during irradiation revealed the formation of 2,8-diaminonaphthalene-1,3,6-triol, 8-aminonaphthalene-1,2,3,6-tetrol, 2-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6,8-tetrol and 2-aminobenzene-1,3-diol/5-aminonbenzene-1,3-diol/ 2-aminobenzene-1,4-diol as intermediates. The 26% ferric nitrate loaded fire clay was characterized by XRD, ICP-AES, BET surface area, FT-IR, SEM-EDS and UV-DRS studies.     

大气气溶胶物质来源研究进展

大气气溶胶物质来源研究是大气污染研究极为重要的内容,它对污染物质的追踪评价具有较大的意义。本文较为系统地讨论了大气气溶胶物质来源研究的现状。从气溶胶的特征上分别论述气溶胶物质来源的矿物学（ 颗粒） 、无机化学和有机化学研究的进展。     

Defluoridation of drinking water using Al3+-modified bentonite clay: optimization of fluoride adsorption conditions

Al³⁺-bentonite clay (Alum-bent) was prepared by ion exchange of base cations on the matrices of bentonite clay. Intercalation of bentonite clay with Al³⁺ was performed in batch experiments. Parameters optimized include time, dosage, and Al³⁺ concentration. Physicochemical characterization of raw and modified bentonite clay was done by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry attached to scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, cation exchange capacity (CEC) by ammonium acetate method, and pH_pzc by solid addition method. Chemical constituents of water were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), ion selective electrode (Crison 6955 Fluoride selective electrode) and a Crison multimeter probe. For fluoride removal, the effect of contact time, adsorbent dosage, adsorbate concentration, and pH were evaluated in batch procedures. The adsorption capacity of fluoride by modified bentonite clay was observed to be 5.7 mg g^?1 at (26 ± 2) °C room temperature. Maximum adsorption of fluoride was optimum at 30 min, 1 g of dosage, 60 mg L^?1 of adsorbate concentration, pH 2–12, and 1:100 solid/liquid (S/L) ratios. Kinetic studies revealed that fluoride adsorption fitted well to pseudo-second-order model than pseudo first order. Adsorption data fitted well to both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, hence, confirming monolayer and multilayer adsorption. Alum-bent showed good stability in removing fluoride from ground water to below the prescribed limit as stipulated by World Health Organization. As such, it can be concluded that Alum-bent is a potential defluoridation adsorbent which can be applied in fabrication of point of use devices for defluoridation of fluoride-rich water in rural areas of South Africa and other developing countries. Based on that, this comparative study proves that Alum-bent is a promising adsorbent with a high adsorption capacity for fluoride and can be a substitute for conventional defluoridation methods.     

海藻酸钠对改性黏土絮凝特征的影响

以海藻酸钠为藻源有机质的模式化合物,考察了赤潮水体中藻源有机化合物对改性黏土絮凝速率及絮凝体特征的影响;并利用图像分析法,测定了絮凝体的分形维数Df,借助分形维数对改性黏土的絮凝形态学特征进行了半定量化分析.结果表明:当海藻酸钠浓度在10~100mg/L范围内时,可以提高改性黏土絮凝的速率,絮凝体的分形维数Df、絮凝体强度呈现出先增大后减小的规律;其中,最佳浓度为50mg/L,其最大絮凝速率达到44.13、Df 为1.6823.低浓度(100mg/L)海藻酸钠能促进改性黏土的絮凝效率,但促进作用呈现减小的趋势,表现为最大絮凝效率减小,Df降低、絮凝体的空隙率增大.     

北京地区壤土对柴油的吸附作用研究

通过静态吸附实验,研究了北京地区壤土对柴油的吸附行为,考察了温度、溶液pH值、土壤有机质含量和粘土的矿物组成对柴油吸附的影响.结果表明,4种土样对柴油的吸附等温线均较好地符合Langmuir吸附模式,其吸附能力的大小顺序为:轻壤土＞中壤土＞砂壤土＞重壤土;温度和溶液pH值的升高,不利于柴油的吸附,温度从10℃升高到30℃,柴油的饱和吸附量从833 3 μg·g-1降低到263.2 μg·g-1,pH值从4升高到10,柴油在重壤土、轻壤土、中壤土和砂壤土中的吸附量分别从1012μg·g-1、1800 μg·g-1、1377μg·g-1和1272μg·g-1降低到114μg·g-1、236μg·g-1、163 μg·g-1和150μg·g-1;柴油的吸附量随土壤有机质含量的升高而增大,且两者具有线性关系;柴油的吸附量与蒙脱石含量具有线性正相关关系,说明粘土中蒙脱石含量对吸附量的影响较大.