粘土吸附剂的除铅性能及热力学研究

本文报道了粘土吸附剂自溶液中吸附铅的吸附性能及热力学性能．该吸附剂吸附铅的最佳处理条件为：用３ＭＨ２ＳＯ４振荡处理４ｈ，然后在２００℃下培烧２ｈ，该吸附为放热过程．饱和吸附量为１６．８ｍｇ／ｇ，符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附等温线，其吸附热为－６０９．６Ｊ／ｍｏｌ．     

广西隆华铝土矿的矿物学特征研究

广西隆华铝土矿是一水硬铝石型铝土矿 ,该矿的矿物组成主要为硬水铝石 ,其次有三水铝石、软水铝石、高岭石、伊利石、鲕绿泥石、锐钛矿、金红石、铝赤铁矿及锂硬锰矿等。硬水矿石中主要元素为铝 ,且分布较均匀 ,适应于高压拜耳法溶矿。本矿床的底泥中发现有一未知矿物 ,经X射线衍射分析及格林 -凯利 (Greene-Kelly,1 95 3 )方法鉴别 ,该矿物为贝得石 ;经蒙脱石 -贝得石系列的蒙脱石群定量法 (Jones,1 964 )测定 ,该矿物的含量为 1 5 .4 5 %。     

含水量对红粘土抗剪强度的影响

红粘土是一种区域性特殊土,含水量对其抗剪强度的影响与一般粘性土的规律不尽相同。通过室内直剪试验研究发现,含水量与红粘土粘聚力存在阶梯状相关关系,并且根据最小二乘法原理可以将其拟舍为多项式函数表达式。另外,随着含水量的增加,红粘土的内摩擦角变化不显著,呈微幅度波动状态。     

Dibenzo-p-dioxins in the environment from ceramics and pottery produced from ball clay mined in the United States

Processed ball clay samples used in the production of ceramics and samples of the ceramic products were collected and analyzed for the presence and concentration of the 2,3,7,8-Cl substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDDs/PCDFs). The processed ball clay had average PCDD concentrations of 3.2 ng/g toxic equivalents, a congener profile, and isomer distribution consistent with those found previously in raw ball clay. The PCDF concentrations were below the average limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/g. The final fired ceramic products were found to be free of PCDDs/PCDFs at the LODs. A consideration of the conditions involved in the firing process suggests that the PCDDs, if not destroyed, may be released to the atmosphere and could represent an as yet unidentified source of dioxins to the environment. In addition, the PCDDs in clay dust generated during manufacturing operations may represent a potential occupational exposure.     

江苏凹凸棒石粘土的开发利用

本文详细介绍了江苏凹凸棒石粘土的矿床特征、特殊性质和广泛用途。分析了凹凸棒石粘土的利用现状和开发前景,作者提出了进一步开发利用的若干建议。     

凹凸棒土吸附剂的制备和脱色性能研究

用以凹凸棒土为主料，配以其呛助剂所制备的凹凸棒土吸附剂，对癸二酸单钠盐 进行了吸附脱色和再生性能的试验，结果表明：该吸附剂具有明显的吸附脱色效果，且其制原料价廉易得，制备工艺简单，成本低，再生容易，是一种较好的脱色吸附型净化剂。     

MODELING OF LEAKAGE THROUGH CRACKED CLAY LINERS -I: STATE OF THE ART1

ABSTRACT: The existence and importance of macro-pores to the containment efficiency of cover clay liners at waste landfills is documented. Macro-pores exist as voids, or cracks, and act to increase the volume and rate of leakage through cover liners. Existing numerical models used to simulate flow through clay liners are shown to neglect the macro-pore aspect of the problem. Current theories of macro-pore flow developed from related areas of research are presented, and applications to the landfill liner problem are considered.     

Dibenzo-p-dioxins in the environment from ceramics and pottery produced from ball clay mined in the United States

Processed ball clay samples used in the production of ceramics and samples of the ceramic products were collected and analyzed for the presence and concentration of the 2,3,7,8-Cl substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDDs/PCDFs). The processed ball clay had average PCDD concentrations of 3.2 ng/g toxic equivalents, a congener profile, and isomer distribution consistent with those found previously in raw ball clay. The PCDF concentrations were below the average limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 pg/g. The final fired ceramic products were found to be free of PCDDs/PCDFs at the LODs. A consideration of the conditions involved in the firing process suggests that the PCDDs, if not destroyed, may be released to the atmosphere and could represent an as yet unidentified source of dioxins to the environment. In addition, the PCDDs in clay dust generated during manufacturing operations may represent a potential occupational exposure.     

用于固体废弃物填埋场中的两种复合防渗系统的比较

土工膜 (GM) +压实性粘土 (CCL)的复合防渗层在固体废物填埋场的防渗系统中已较为常用 ,它的防渗效果比单独的GM或CCL要好得多 ;但是 ,这种复合防渗层也存在着一些缺陷。GM +GCL是一种革新的复合防渗系统 ,其中的GCL是对CCL一种有效的替代。本文从一般情况下透过复合防渗层的渗漏量、GM与GCL或CCL的接触情况、冻融和不均匀沉降的影响 ,施工简易程度、节约成本六个方面对 2种复合防渗层作了较为全面的比较。并结合工程实例 ,对 2种复合防渗层用于填埋场封顶系统的情况作了具体的比较。     

垃圾渗滤液对压实黏土工程特性的影响规律及微观机理

为研究垃圾填埋场渗滤液对压实黏土的影响,开展了垃圾渗滤液侵蚀作用下黏土的含水率、比重、剪切和渗透试验,研究渗滤液浓度及侵蚀时间对黏土工程性质的影响规律,分析渗滤液污染黏土的工程特性。通过SEM试验研究渗滤液对底部压实黏土衬垫的侵蚀机理。研究结果表明:渗滤液侵蚀对黏土的各项工程性质有较大的影响,随着渗滤液浓度及浸泡时间的增加,浸泡后的黏土渗透性、比重和剪切强度均减小,而含水率增大。渗滤液对黏土的侵蚀主要来自其化学成分的吸附、粘结及水化学作用。压实黏土强度的变化会给填埋场的稳定性带来安全隐患。该成果可为垃圾填埋场的安全设计提供理论和数据支持。