Citrobacter sp.EBS8对施氏矿物和黄钾铁矾的还原溶解及相转化行为的影响

铁硫酸盐次生矿物广泛存在于酸性矿山废水（AMD）污染流域沉积物中,是多种有毒有害重金属的沉淀库.硫酸盐还原菌对矿物的还原作用可破坏矿物的稳定性从而引起共沉淀重金属的释放.在前期研究中发现柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter sp.存在于AMD流域沉积物中,且在还原条件下具有较强的硫酸盐还原能力.因此,探究其对铁硫次生矿物的还原溶解及矿物晶相转化行为的影响尤为重要.本研究选取矿区沉积物中典型的铁硫次生矿物施氏矿物和黄钾铁矾为研究对象,在实验室条件下考察了从AMD污染沉积物中筛选到的菌株Citrobacter sp.EBS8对矿物的还原溶解及相转化的影响.结果表明,在缺氧、中性pH及电子供体足量时,在EBS8的作用下施氏矿物和黄钾铁矾均出现了明显的还原溶解现象.菌株EBS8可利用乳酸盐作为电子供体还原SO₄^2-和Fe（III）.SEM结果显示,施氏矿物在反应初期出现表面毛刺不平现象,黄钾铁矾发生由外向内的逐层溶解,矿物转化过程中都出现空壳形貌.XRD检测到施氏矿物组的主要转化产物为菱铁矿和蓝铁矿,黄钾铁矾体系中主要是蓝铁矿和马基诺矿.这些结果有助于了解AMD污染沉积物中铁硫酸盐矿物的转化行为及为AMD污染治理提供理论支撑.     

垃圾填埋场衬垫封盖系统稳定性实验方法研究

生活垃圾填埋场已经成为处理城市生活垃圾的一个重要手段,在修建过程中衬垫封盖系统的稳定性不可避免地成为一个需要解决的问题,本文总结了国外学者研究的方法、手段和成果,为国内学者提供有价值的参考。     

Modelling future copper ore grade decline based on a detailed assessment of copper resources and mining

The concept of “peak oil” has been explored and debated extensively within the literature. However there has been comparatively little research examining the concept of “peak minerals”, particularly in-depth analyses for individual metals. This paper presents scenarios for mined copper production based upon a detailed assessment of global copper resources and historic mine production. Scenarios for production from major copper deposit types and from individual countries or regions were developed using the Geologic Resources Supply-Demand Model (GeRS-DeMo). These scenarios were extended using cumulative grade-tonnage data, derived from our resource database, to produce estimates of potential rates of copper ore grade decline.The scenarios indicate that there are sufficient identified copper resources to grow mined copper production for at least the next twenty years. The future rate of ore grade decline may be less than has historically been the case, as mined grades are approaching the average resource grade and there is still significant copper endowment in high grade ore bodies. Despite increasing demand for copper as the developing world experiences economic growth, the economic and environmental impacts associated with increased production rates and declining ore grades (particularly those relating to energy consumption, water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions) will present barriers to the continued expansion of the industry. For these reasons peak mined copper production may well be realised during this century.