国产布袋除尘器的应用与实践

介绍了昆明电厂原有的2台布袋除尘器建设情况,对其成功的部分和存在的问题进行了总结和分析,对导致这2台布袋除尘器被拆除的主要原因进行了梳理和探讨.     

强化管理与污染治理,确保饮用水安全

在总结危及饮用水安全的因素的基础上,提出了饮用水安全的概念,并对其内涵进行分析;指出饮用水安全的属性有3个,即水量有保证、水质要达标和足够的供水能力;从强化管理和加强污染治理方面探讨保障饮用水安全的措施;指出建立有效的环境问责制,将环境指标真正纳入官员考核机制、实施清洁化生产,减少废水排放量和实施新的给水处理工艺是保障饮用水安全的关键。上述管理和治理措施为改善我国饮用水安全状况提供理论依据,对预防及减少突发性水污染事件起到积极的作用。     

我国煤矿安全问题与工会参与研究

中国的煤矿安全问题比较严峻。中国工会一贯高度重视煤矿企业职工的生命健康与安全,在促进煤矿安全生产中扮演着重要的角色,发挥着举足轻重的作用。在煤矿安全生产方面,中国工会主张要抓紧完善《安全生产法》及配套的法规规章;切实把"预防为主"方针放在煤矿安全生产工作的首位;加大对煤矿企业安全生产的资金投入和人员配备;高度重视工人与工会组织在安全生产中的作用;强化对煤矿管理人员和职工的安全培训和教育;加强煤矿行业管理与监督,合理有序开发煤炭资源。     

石化企业风险管理机制研究

从预防石化企业重大生产安全事故的角度,对我国石化企业建立风险管理机制的重要性和可行性进行分析和研究;结合石化企业生产过程危险性大、影响面宽的特点,依据风险管理的基本理念,对石化企业生产装置风险管理系统设计和石化企业风险管理机制的工作流程进行初步探索;提出在我国石化企业建立风险管理机制的基本思路和体系构架;指出实施这些重大工程可能面临的一些关键技术问题。所得研究结论可供有关部门决策时参考。     

无线传感网络在安全生产中的应用

本文详细介绍了无线传感器网络在安全生产中的应用结构、无线传感器节点的构成以及无线传感网络的数据模型,探讨了无线传感器网络在危险场所日常监测及应急救援场合应用的技术问题,分析了无线传感网络在实际应用中的关键技术。     

城镇建设用地需求预测与配置研究

针对我国现行城镇建设用地预测方法存在的问题，对城镇建设用地预测方法进行了探索性研究；通过构建科学的建设用地需求预测方法，为土地利用规划提供科学依据。在C—D生产函数的基础上，提出了土地、资本与产出GDP的要素关系模型、恩格尔系数与人均建设用地面积关系模型和时间序列的ARIMA建设用地模型。对成都市城镇建设用地总量进行了实证分析，对4种预测方法的结果进行了定量评价，并据此提出成都市建设用地的配置方案。     

水足迹分析理论与方法

水资源危机已成为全球可持续发展的一个日益突出的问题。为创新水资源问题的研究思路和完善水资源管理,引进了国际水资源领域较先进的水足迹分析法,系统地介绍了水足迹分析法的基本理论和计算方法,并计算了世界20个国家和地区的水足迹。结果表明,大部分国家水足迹过高、水资源压力过大,虚拟水贸易增加、水进口依赖明显。最后分析了产生高水足迹的原因,提出了降低水足迹的措施,并对该方法及其应用前景进行了评价。     

Primary Productivity and the Impacts of the Exotic Weed <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eupatorium Glandulosum</Emphasis> in a Montane Grassland of Garhwal Himalaya

Summary The biomass and productivity of a montane grassland of Garhwal Himalaya were estimated with the objectives to compare these values of the dominant exotic species, Eupatorium glandulosum HBK. (Asteraceae) with other species, and to compare the sites more dominated by this species with other study sites. The effect of dominance of this species on other species was undertaken because of its continuous spread in the grasslands of the Garhwal Himalaya causing replacement of some native grasses and economically important herbaceous plants. Out of six study sites, SW₁, SW₂, and NE₁ were more dominated by Eupatorium glandulosum. Total net primary productivity (TNP) ranged from 1528.5 to 2163.4 g m⁻² yr⁻¹. Eupatorium glandulosum showed individual highest biomass on all the study sites, and the sites more dominated by this species showed higher values of primary productivity, thereby reducing the biomass and production of other species on these sites.     

Performance of Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter: A Comparative Study of a Hydrophilic and a Hydrophobic Voc

Two lab-scale trickle-bed air biofilters were operated for investigating the difference in performance between a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic volatile organic compound (VOC). Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and styrene were selected as a model hydrophilic and hydrophobic VOCs, respectively. Effects of loading rates, biofilter re-acclimation, removal profile along biofilter depth, nitrogen consumption, and CO₂ production were compared under three operating conditions, namely, backwashing and two non-use periods (starvation and stagnant). Consistent over 99% removal efficiency up to loading rates of 3.26 kg COD/m³-day was obtained for the MIBK biofilter at 0.76 min empty bed retention time (EBRT) and 1.5 L/d nutrient flow. A similar performance for the styrene biofilter was obtained for loading rates up to 1.9kg COD/m³-day at 2.02 min EBRT and 2.4 L/d nutrient flow. The MIBK biofilter required only an initial acclimation period of 16 days while styrene biofilter required 46 days. Non-use periods can be used as another means of biomass control for both biofilters when the employed loading rate did not exceed 1.27 and 2.17 kg COD/m³-day for styrene and MIBK biofilters, respectively. The re-acclimation of both biofilter was delayed with increase of loading rate. MIBK biofilter re-acclimated in 90 min, while styrene biofilter re-acclimated in more than 600 min. Under similar loading rates, MIBK biofilter utilized less biofilter depth than styrene biofilter. Nitrogen consumption behaviors were apparently different between the two biofilters. Styrene biofilter had higher CO₂ production than MIBK biofilter and its CO₂ production was closely related to the theoretical complete chemical oxidation.     

光气生产装置事故后果分析及提高装置安全性的对策措施

分析光气及光气化产品生产工艺过程中原料及工艺过程危险性,通过选择该工艺过程中较为典型的光气、氯气管道泄漏事故,并针对光气和氯气不同性质,假设事故形态,采用修正的高斯扩散模型及SAFETI定量风险软件对光气和氯气泄漏事故后果进行定量风险分析,其结果给出在光气及氯气泄漏10min时,在下风向人员可承受的风险范围。该分析结果可为光气及光气化产品生产装置风险评价提供科学依据。根据该结果,从工程和工艺设计、原料质量控制、重大危险源监控、操作管理措施及自控技术方面提出了提高光气及光气化生产装置安全性的对策措施。