动态生物滤网中胞外聚合物产量预测及滤网的污染分析

近年来,在各种膜处理技术中,用于废水或活性污泥混合液粗滤的自形成动态生物滤网(DMf)受到广泛关注。基于此,提出了一种用于估算合适的筛孔孔径的模拟方法,来预测并控制生物滤饼层在筛孔表面的形成,以提高过滤效果并减轻污染。结果表明：动态生物滤网面密度与EPS浓度之间具有显著的正相关性,可以利用滤网面密度来预测胞外聚合物(EPS)产生量;孔径为55~100 μm的筛网上形成的动态生物滤网可以阻挡泥水混合液中的大多数颗粒,但有部分细小颗粒仍可穿过滤网表层,并在滤网底层积累,从而产生EPS。CLSM分析结果表明,DMf中死细胞的比例及其厚度与网孔孔径显著相关,且在所有实验用的DMf中的活细胞层的厚度均约为20 μm。这表明有效的氧气渗透仅发生在DMf的薄层内,过厚的生物层会阻止氧气的渗透,进而导致微生物死亡而释放更多的EPS,最终加剧膜污染。     

Blue–green water utilization in rice–fish cultivation towards sustainable food production

Integrated rice–fish culture is a competitive alternative to rice monoculture for environmental sustainability and food productivity. Compared to rice monoculture, rearing fish in rice field ecosystems could increase food (rice and fish) production from this coculture. Moreover, the water productivity of rice–fish coculture is considerably higher than that of rice monoculture, because of double cropping. Despite these benefits, rice–fish coculture has not yet been broadly practiced. One of the potential challenges for the wider adoption of rice–fish coculture is water management. There are two forms of water involved in rice–fish cultivation: (1) blue water–surface and groundwater, and (2) green water–soil water from rainfall. The aim of this article is to focus on key factors determining the adoption of rice–fish cultivation through the effective utilization of blue–green water. We suggest that the efficient application of blue and green water in rice–fish coculture could help confronting water scarcity, reducing water footprint, and increasing water productivity.     

铅酸蓄电池生产废水治理技术应用研究

采用“氧化还原＋中和反应＋高效凝聚”工艺处理废蓄电池回收和电池制造企业生产废水。总处理水量为208m^3／d;进水水质：pH：1-2、总铅：13．5mg／L、SS：450mg／L。经该工艺处理后,废水中的总铅、pH、SS等指标均能达标排放。     

固体废弃物填埋场的安全生产

分析了固体废弃物填埋场存在的安全隐患,提出了一些综合性安全防范措施。     

我国煤炭资源综合开发布局与模式研究

煤炭是我国的基础能源。在分析了我国煤炭资源分布特点、煤炭生产与消费状况基础上,按照从东到西3个开发区带,共7个规划区的开发格局,依据不同规划区煤炭资源保证能力和现有生产布局,提出了各规划区煤炭资源的开发思路和组建大型企业集团的设想。针对煤炭企业产品结构单一的问题,探讨了通过适当延长产业链,增加产品的附加值,实现煤矿区可持续发展的综合开发模式,给出了几种可供选择的综合开发模式类型。从建设能源基地、解决能源运输问题和加强煤炭资源勘探等方面讨论了煤炭资源综合开发中需要解决的几个关键问题。     

农药阿维菌素酶促降解的初步研究

从受阿维菌素长期污染土壤中分离到一株高效降解菌株,研究了其最适产酶条件:培养温度35℃,培养液起始pH值7.0,培养时间96h, Hg2+对该菌株产酶有显著的抑制作用.从该降解菌中提取的粗酶液在pH值7.5和37.5℃时显示最大的降解活性,其米氏常数(Km)为6.78nmol/mL,最大降解速率为81.5nmol/(minmg).     

中国城市污水处理厂资源配置效率的比较

采用平均生产函数模型、边界生产函数以及数据包络分析(DEA)模型3种方法,对中国81个污水处理厂的样本观测数据,从不同角度进行了比较研究,分别得出上述3种模型对产出弹性、技术效率和规模经济性等主要指标的模拟结果.研究发现,资本对我国城市污水处理厂的产出弹性最大(0.507),其次是运营电耗(0.415),再次为劳动力;我国污水厂普遍处于规模报酬率递增阶段,样本总体的规模报酬率为1.11;根据DEA的分析结果,列出了81个样本污水厂的效率排序清单,这将有助于制定行业绩效标准.     

蓄电池生产废水处理技术研究

针对蓄电池生产废水的特点,主要是含有浓度较高的氟化物和重金属铅类,同时含有一定量的有机物质和悬浮物,主要处理方法为物理化学方法。粉煤灰处理含氟水、石灰-硫酸-铁盐法、聚合硫酸铁和氢氧化钙以及聚丙烯酰胺联合处理含氟废水等处理方法都具有较高的除氟率。处理废水中重金属铅离子,目前工业中一般采用化学沉淀法和离子交换法。采用pH调节-石灰-铝盐反应沉淀工艺去除废水中的氟、铅及部分磷酸盐,采用生化处理去除有机物。     

淀粉工业废水处理现状

分析了淀粉工业废水的来源及水质特征。综述了沉淀分离法，化学絮凝法，单纯曝气法，生物处理法，光合细菌法等方法在淀粉废水处理中的应用，介绍了淀粉废水的资源化回收技术。     

Comparison between controlled landfill reactor and conditioned landfill bioreactor

Bioreactor landfills allow a more active landfill management that recognizes the biological, chemical and physical processes involved in a landfill environment. The laboratory-scale simulators of landfill reactors treating municipal solid wastes were studied, the effect of solid waste size, leachate recirculation, nutrient balance, pH value, moisture content and temperature on the rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) biodegradation were determined, and it indicated the optimum pH value, moisture content and temperature decomposing MSW. The results of waste biodegradation were compared with that of the leachate-recirculated landfill simulator and conservative sanitary landfill simulator. In the control experiment the antitheses of a decreasing trend of the organic load, measured as biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand, was shown. An obvious enhancement of effective disposal from conservative sanitary landfill (CSL) simulator, to the leachate-recirculated landfill (LRL) simulator and to the conditioned bioreactor landfill(CBL) simulator would be noted, through displaying the compared results of solid waste settlement, heavy, metal concentration in leachate, methane production rate, biogas composition, BOD and COD as well as their ratio.