村镇生活污水强化混凝处理实验研究

采用聚合氯化铝、硫酸亚铁及阳离子型高分子絮凝剂对村镇生活污水单独处理的效果进行比较,应用正交实验方法探讨了前述絮凝剂复合使用效果。结果表明,在pH为10、PAN投药量1ml／L、混凝时间2min、搅拌转速240r／min,以及絮凝时间10min、搅拌转速120r／min时,试验污水中污染物浊度、COD、SS、NH4^＋—N的去除率分别为99．63％、84．59％、64．59％及49．52％,出水水质达到了国家农田灌溉标准（GB5084—92）,可用于农田灌溉,实现污水资源化。     

混凝气浮处理羟丙甲基纤维素的实验研究

采用加压溶气气浮实验装置处理羟丙甲基纤维素模拟废水,实验结果表明：pH值、混凝剂用量、浮选剂用量和气浮时间对羟丙甲基纤维素的混凝气浮处理效果影响较大,当pH值为6．0,投加混凝剂硫酸铝钾333mg／L,投加浮选剂十二烷基硫酸钠2．00mg／L,气浮时间为5min时,CODCr去除率可达82．96％。混凝气浮对羟丙甲基纤维素有较好的去除效果。     

二氧化氯预氧化对藻类絮体形态的影响

针对高含藻高含盐杨埕水库原水藻类特征,采用聚合氯化铝(PAC)、硫酸铝(AS)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和氯化铁(FC)4种混凝剂进行混凝除藻试验,用图像法对藻类絮体的分形维数进行测定,分析混凝剂种类及投量、二氧化氯投加量等因素对混凝除藻效果及藻类絮体形态的影响。结果表明,杨埕水库夏季藻类种属相对较为单一,以小型色球藻、微小平裂藻、不整齐蓝纤维藻为优势藻类;4种混凝剂的除藻性能优劣依次为:AS>PAC>PFS>AC。在AS最佳投加量(以Al2SO4计)70 mg/L下,藻类的去除率为85.3%。此时,杨埕水库夏季藻类以藻类絮体分形维数值为1.54,形成的絮体密实且沉降性好。以AS为混凝剂,投加量为70 mg/L下,二氧化氯投加量为0.8 mg/L时助凝效果最好,藻类的去除率比单独投加AS时提高了6.3%,藻类絮体分形维数值为1.71,形成的藻类絮体更加密实。二氧化氯过量投加无益于藻类去除。     

Speciation characterization and coagulation of poly-silica-ferric-chloride: The role of hydrolyzed Fe(Ⅲ) and silica interaction

The highly efficient inorganic polymer flocculants (IPFs) of the ferric-silica system is a new and promising coagulant. Interactions between ferric species and silica play a large part in the coagulation of suspensions. These effects are quite distinct from those associated with polymeric or colloid silica. However, although these species are key to coagulation efficiency, they have not been comprehensively discussed. A new type of coagulant, poly-silica-ferric-chloride (PFSC), was synthesized by co-polymerization and characterized by time complexation spectroscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. Compared with traditional ferric salt, the results indicated that PFSC had a higher molecular weight, lesser positive charge, lower Feb and higher Fec. The higher the Si/Fe ratio, the higher the silica and lower the silicac found. The PFSC with appropriate polysilica acid not only obtained better coaguiation/fiocculation efficiency in turbidity removal, enhanced the flocculation index (FI) and provided less residual ferric, it also lowered water treatment costs compared to traditional ferric salt. Results showed that PFSC could remove colloid particles in water by charge neutralization and sweeping,adsorption bridging mechanism.     

城市污水深度处理中有机物的去除

以城市污水地下水回灌为回用目的 ,研究不同的污水深度处理工艺及对二级生物处理出水中有机物的去除 .研究结果表明 ,原水若未经深度处理 ,直接由土壤含水层处理的出水不能满足推荐的回灌水水质要求 .对原水分别采用混凝沉淀、过滤、臭氧氧化、粉末活性炭和粒状活性炭吸附等处理单元及组合工艺进行深度处理效果的对比 ,最终选用由混凝沉淀 ,砂滤 ,粒状活性炭过滤与土壤含水层处理相结合的工艺流程 .城市污水处理厂的二级出水经该工艺处理后 ,出水中的 DOC可降至 3mg/L以下 ,且活性炭柱的产水床体积可达 350 0 BV.     

Morphology and electrical conductivity of PACS

Polyaluminium chlorides with sulfate ion(PACS) were prepared by using AlCl3· 6H2O, Al(SO4 )3· 18H2O and Na2CO3 as raw materials. The effects of basicity (r), Al3 +/SO42- molar ratio and aging time on the morphology of PACS were observed by transmission electrical microscope. The influence of aging time on charge neutralization and coagulation effect of PACS was studied.The effects of basicity (r), Al3+/SO42- molar ratio and aging time on the electrical conductivity of PACS solution were also investigated. The experimental results show that the degree of polymerization of polyaluminium chloride(PAC) increases when SO42-ion is added. The higher the basicity(r) and the longer the aging time, the larger the size of polymer PACS. The ability of PACS neutralizing the charge on Kaolinite decreases with the increase of aging time. The electrical conductivity of PACS solution (the concentration of Al3+ ion is 0.18 mol/L) with different aging time is the function of the basicity and Al3 +/SO42- molar ratios and has its maximum at r = 0.5 and Al3+/SO42- = 12.     

混凝—催化臭氧化处理垃圾渗滤液MBR出水

本文研究了混凝—催化臭氧化对垃圾渗滤液MBR出水COD、UV254和色度的去除效果及可生化性能的影响。在pH 11,FeCl3用量800 mg/L的优化条件下,COD、UV254和色度去除率分别为37.8%、61.9%和88.7%。混凝出水催化臭氧化结果表明,3%-Ce/AC催化臭氧化效率最好,COD去除率为33.6%,臭氧消耗系数为1.40 mgO3/mgCOD。经混凝—催化臭氧化处理后,MBR出水的COD、UV254及色度总去除率分别为58.7%、90.8%及98.7%,BOD5/COD从0.036提高到0.375,可生化性明显改善。     

洁霉素生产废水处理的研究

采用水解（酸化）－二段投菌生物接触氧化－混凝工艺处理浓度洁霉素废水,中试结果表明：进水ＣＯＤ浓度为３５００－５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围时,出水ＣＯＤ平均去除率大于９５％,进水ＢＯＤ浓度为１０００－１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围时,出水ＢＯＤ平均去除率大于９６％,各项指标达到国家ＧＢ８９７８－８８排放标准。     

Powdered activated carbon coupled with enhanced coagulation for natural organic matter removal and disinfection by-product control: application in a Western Australian water treatment plant

The removal of organic precursors of disinfection by-products (DBPs), i.e. natural organic matter (NOM), prior to disinfection and distribution is considered as the most effective approach to minimise the formation of DBPs. This study investigated the impact of the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) to an enhanced coagulation treatment process at an existing water treatment plant on the efficiency of NOM removal, the disinfection behaviour of the treated water, and the water quality in the distribution system. This is the first comprehensive assessment of the efficacy of plant-scale application of PAC combined with enhanced coagulation on an Australian source water. As a result of the PAC addition, the removal of NOM improved by 70%, which led to a significant reduction (80-95%) in the formation of DBPs. The water quality in the distribution system also improved, indicated by lower concentrations of DBPs in the distribution system and better maintenance of disinfectant residual at the extremities of the distribution system. The efficacy of the PAC treatment for NOM removal was shown to be a function of the characteristics of the NOM and the quality of the source water, as well as the PAC dose. PAC treatment did not have the capacity to remove bromide ion, resulting in the formation of more brominated DBPs. Since brominated DBPs have been found to be more toxic than their chlorinated analogues, their preferential formation upon PAC addition must be considered, especially in source waters containing high concentrations of bromide.     

聚合氯化铝和聚合硫酸铁对水中亚硒酸盐的去除研究

为达到快速有效去除饮用水中亚硒酸盐的目的,通过混凝法考察了聚合氯化铝与聚合硫酸铁对模拟硒污染饮用水源中亚硒酸盐的去除效果,探讨了初始浓度、投加量以及pH对去除效果的影响。结果表明,混凝工艺对水中亚硒酸盐的去除效果明显,在初始硒浓度为184／μg／L时,聚合氯化铝和聚合硫酸铁对亚硒酸盐的最大去除率分别为70％和97％。聚合硫酸铁对亚硒酸盐的混凝去除效果明显好于聚合氯化铝,其最佳除硒pH为8。