层燃螺旋炉排焚烧技术处理含油污泥研究

通过对几种含油污泥无害化处理技术的比选,分析不同处理技术物耗、能耗情况,优选出经济有效的含油污泥焚烧技术,结合新疆油田含油污泥的特点,采用层燃螺旋炉排焚烧技术,利用其燃烧热能生产蒸汽用于原油生产,采用余热吸收急冷与碱液半干法除酸技术,有效控制了二次污染;采用布袋除尘与烟尘固化技术确保了烟气达标排放。年节省成本支出3095.88万元。     

Biomass fuel burning and its implications: Deforestation and greenhouse gases emissions in Pakistan

Pakistan is facing problem of deforestation. Pakistan lost 14.7% of its forest habitat between 1990 and 2005 interval. This paper assesses the present forest wood consumption rate by 6000 brick kilns established in the country and its implications in terms of deforestation and emission of greenhouse gases. Information regarding consumption of forest wood by the brick kilns was collected during a manual survey of 180 brick kiln units conducted in eighteen provincial divisions of country. Considering annual emission contributions of three primary GHGs i.e., CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O, due to burning of forest wood in brick kiln units in Pakistan and using IPCC recommended GWP indices, the combined CO₂-equivalent has been estimated to be 533019 t y⁻¹.     

A Monte Carlo study of radon detection in cylindrical diffusion chambers

The functioning of radon diffusion chambers was studied using the Monte Carlo code RAMMX developed here. The alpha particles from radon are assumed randomly produced in the volume of the cylinder, and those from the progeny are assumed to originate randomly at the cylindrical surface. The energy spectrum, the distribution of incident angles, and the distribution of path lengths of the alpha particles on the detector were obtained. These quantities vary depending on input parameters such as initial alpha particle energy, radius and depth of the diffusion chamber, detector size and atmospheric pressure. The calculated energy spectrum for both ²²²Rn and ²²⁰Rn was compared with experiment, permitting the identification of each peak and its origin, and a better understanding of radon monitoring. Three aspects not considered in previous calculations are progeny alphas coming from surfaces of the monitor, taking into account the atmospheric pressure, and including the isotope ²²⁰Rn.     

粉煤灰免烧陶粒制备及其重金属废水净化性能

摘要重金属废水对环境的污染已经引起科研人员的广泛关注。以粉煤灰和水泥为原料、添加活性成分FeS,制备一种免烧陶粒用于含重金属Cu2＋、Zn2＋、Pb2＋的废水处理。探讨了物料配比及蒸养时间对陶粒筒压强度及其比表面积的影响;研究了固液比、接触时间、pH、温度及初始溶液浓度等因素对Cu2＋、Zn2＋、Pb2＋离子净化效果的影响规律,并对实验结果进行了等温线拟合。XRD分析显示,免烧陶粒中存在Ca（OH）2、C—D—H、FeS等矿物相,对重金属离子具有非常好的固定化作用。该免烧陶粒对重金属离子具有很好的去除效果,具备较好的应用前景。     

Decay profile and metabolic pathways of quinalphos in water, soil and plants

The widespread occurrence of pesticide residues in different agricultural and food commodities has raised concern among the environmentalists and food chemists. In order to keep a proper track of these materials, studies on their decay profiles in the various segments of ecosystem under varying environmental conditions are needed. In view of this, the metabolites of quinalphos in water and soil under controlled conditions and in plants, namely tomato and radish in field conditions have been analysed and possible pathways suggested. In order to follow the decay of the pesticide, an HPLC procedure has been developed. Studies conducted in water at different temperatures, pH and organic content reveal that the persistence of the pesticide decreases with the increase in all the three variables. In the three different types of soils studied, the effect of pH is more or less apparent on a similar line. On an average a faster decay is observed in the case of plants than in water and soil. The decay profiles in all these cases follow first order kinetics. The metabolites were identified by GC-MS. The investigations reflect that degradation occurs through hydrolysis, S-oxidation, dealkylation and thiono-thiol rearrangement. The pathways seem to be complex and different metabolites were observed with the change in the matrix. Quinalphos oxon, O-ethyl-O-quinoxalin-2-yl phosphoric acid, 2-hydroxy quinoxaline and quinoxaline-2-thiol were observed in all the matrices. Results further indicate that the metabolites, 2-hydroxy quinoxaline and oxon, which are more toxic than parent compound, persist for a longer time.     

煤气废水中有机化合物的生物去除特征

好氧/缺氧/好氧生物处理系统是一种新型煤气废水二级处理工艺,该工艺通过改变微生物的生化环境,充分发挥各单元对有机化合物的降解功能,强化了有机化合物总体去除效果.主要采用气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)测试方法,分析对比煤气废水进水及其系统各单元出水中有机化合物的成分,结合生物降解的特点,评价各单元对有机化合物的去除效果...     

三苯类废气处理进展

综述了近年来三苯类废气处理所采用的方法,如吸收法、吸附法、催化氧化法、生物法、光催化法和低温等离子体法等,对各种方法的处理机理、处理效果以及优缺点进行了概括和分析,并指出联用技术将是未来的发展方向.     

制药废水有机污染物特性分析与处理

分析了某制药企业废水生物处理站进出水中有机污染物的相对分子质量分布和气相色谱—质谱图谱,提出了根据废水水质特性有针对性地确定制药废水处理工艺的新思路.实验结果表明:进出水中的有机污染物主要是相对分子质量小于1 000的物质,且主要来源于车间5排放的COD比重大、水量小的工段废水;采用旋转蒸馏预处理法处理车间5废水,可使...     

潞安集团煤油循环经济园区的探索与实践

山西潞安集团充分发挥自身煤炭资源和区位发展优势,以煤的深度转化为主线,着力探索实践煤基合成油项目,延伸发展煤基多联产产业化,产出了煤基合成油,建成了煤油循环经济园区,走出一条“高碳能源,低碳利用”的循环经济之路。对潞安集团煤油循环经济园区进行全面的研究和介绍,以期为煤炭工业可持续发展提供一种全新的视角和思路。     

Fuel efficiency improvement of a dual-fuel engine fuelled with Honge oil methyl ester (HOME)–bioethanol and producer gas

Renewable and alternative fuels have numerous advantages compared with fossil fuels as they are renewable and biodegradable and provide food and energy security and foreign exchange savings besides addressing environmental concerns and socio-economic issues (Yaliwal et al. 2013. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, doi:10.1080/19397038.2013.801530. Zhu et al. 2011a, Applied Thermal Engineering 31 (14–15): 2271–2278; Zhu et al. 2011b, Fuel 90: 1743-1750; Banapurmath, Tewari, and Hosmath 2008, Renewable Energy 33: 2007-2018; Banapurmath 2009, “Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Single Cylinder Direct Injection CI Engine Operated on Dual Fuel Mode Using Honge Oil and Producer Gas.” PhD thesis, 1–195; Banapurmath et al. 2011, Waste and Biomass Valorization 2: 1–11). In this context, the main objective of the present work is to study methods of biofuel production such as Honge oil methyl ester (HOME) using a conventional transesterification process and bioethanol from the Calliandra calothyrsus shrub using a new pretreatment method known as hydrothermal explosion. Further, experimental investigations were carried out on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct-injection stationary diesel engine operating in a dual-fuel mode using HOME, bioethanol and producer gas combinations to determine its performance, combustion and emission characteristics. The performance of the dual-fuel engine was analyzed at optimized engine conditions. HOME-Bioethanol (BE) blends such as HOME+ 5% bioethanol (BE5), HOME+ 10% bioethanol (BE10) and HOME+ 15% bioethanol (BE15) were prepared by adding bioethanol to HOME (on volume basis) in different proportions ranging from 5 to 15% with an increment of 5%. In this present work, the effect of different BE blends on the performance of producer gas fuelled dual fuel engine was studied. Experimental investigation on dual fuel engine using BE5-Producer gas operation resulted in up to 4–9% increased brake thermal efficiency with decreased hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and marginally increased nitric oxide (NOx) emission levels compared to HOME-Producer gas, BE10-producer gas and BE15-producer gas mode of operation. However, it was observed that, the overall performance of BE-producer gas operation was found to be lower compared to diesel-producer gas operation.