冷电弧技术脱除甲醛气体

自行研制了平板式介质阻挡放电冷电弧装置,探讨了施加电压、气体流量、甲醛初始浓度和不同设备形式对甲醛气体脱除率的影响。结果表明:在电极间距1.6 cm、施加电压20 kV、气体流量667 mL/min、甲醛初始浓度为50.0 mg/m3以及添加涂有TiO2膜的陶瓷拉西环催化剂的条件下,甲醛的脱除率可以达到90%以上。     

Overview of deaths associated with natural events, United States, 1979–2004

Analysis of the National Center for Health Statistics' Compressed Mortality File showed that between 1979 and 2004, natural events caused 21,491 deaths in the United States. During this 26-year period, there were 10,827 cold-related deaths and 5,279 heat-related deaths. Extreme cold or heat accounted for 75 per cent of the total number of deaths attributed to natural events— more than all of deaths resulting from lightning, storms and foods, and earth movements, such as earthquakes and landslides. Cold-related death rates were highest in the states of Alaska, Montana, New Mexico, and South Dakota, while heat-related deaths were highest in the states of Arizona, Missouri, and Arkansas. These deaths occurred more often among the elderly and black men. Other deaths were attributed to lightning (1,906), storms and foods (2,741), and earth movements (738). Most deaths associated with natural events are preventable and society can take action to decrease the morbidity and mortality connected with them.     

秦皇岛地区气候干旱与人工增雨的探索

气候分析表明:随着气候变化及环境城市化,秦皇岛市区域年平均气温指数呈上升趋势,特别是近10年出现了连续偏高的异常变化;年降水指数呈明显减小趋势,出现了连年干旱,高温少雨不仅使生态环境不断恶化,而且使农田干旱、水库蓄水严重不足,因此人工增雨变得更加迫切。目前,秦皇岛市人工增雨工作已进入常态化、业务化轨道。总结1999—2008年火箭人工增雨经验,人工增雨操作的技术关键:一是分析局地降水气候规律;二是利用碘化银进行人工增雨需要适当的温度条件,即所谓进行冷云催化。在增雨时应充分考虑这一物理机制,选择好合适的发射高度,把催化剂送到可催化的温度环境中,以保证作业成功率。     

Pashmina production and socio‐economic changes in the Indian Changthang: Implications for natural resource management

A unique pastoral community uses the arid rangelands of eastern Ladakh, known as Changthang, northern India. The nomadic people rear a variety of livestock such as sheep, goats, horses and yaks, which provide them with various goods and services. Nevertheless, the needs and aspirations of the people are changing. There is a trend towards increasing the livestock population, especially of a breed of goat that produces one of the finest natural fibres: Pashmina, which is the mainstay of their economy. This increase in goat population, however, is jeopardising the long‐term survival of the wild herbivores in the region, and as such is not sustainable. We present information on the current trends in socio‐economy, Pashmina production, wildlife conservation, and the conflicts of interest between wildlife and nomads in the region. On the basis of this information, we make suggestions for the conservation of natural resources in the region. We recommend preserving the historical societal norms and notions of the people, and capitalising on them to manage natural resources. We also recommend joint management of natural resources by the local people, State and non‐governmental organisations. Our findings provide a platform on which a grazing policy for the region may be formulated.     

寒区隧道溶洞安全距离及衬砌冻胀影响规律研究

为了探究寒区溶洞的大小、远近对隧道结构安全的影响规律,依托寒区某高铁岩溶隧道建立三维有限元模型,通过不同工况的模拟得出溶洞距隧道安全距离临界值与溶洞隧道体积比成正比关系,并拟合出安全距离临界值随溶洞与隧道体积比的变化曲线和关系式。探究溶腔积水冻胀力对衬砌结构的影响规律,基于该寒区隧道周边不同位置、远近的溶洞对其影响进行模拟,研究结果表明:隧底处溶洞冻胀力影响最为显著,且距隧底超过10 m时,小型溶腔冻胀力对隧道的影响较小,衬砌变形值渐趋稳定。研究结果可为该寒区隧道溶洞处理提供依据,并为后续类似工程提供借鉴。     

香蕉MaPFK基因家族鉴定、MaPFK3克隆和表达

为研究香蕉中MaPFK基因的功能和生物学特性,采用生物信息学分析法对香蕉A基因组的MaPFK基因家族成员进行鉴定、蛋白特性分析、分子进化树分析、FPKM值分析,同时以'天宝蕉'为材料,通过RT-PCR技术克隆MaPFK3基因,进行生物信息学分析;采用qRT-PCR技术进行低温胁迫下的表达分析.结果表明,MaPFK家族包...     

介质阻挡放电降解流动态二甲基二硫废气

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体技术(Dielectric Barrier Discharge,DBD)处理常压下流动态气体中的有机硫恶臭气体二甲基二硫(Dimethyl Disulfide,DMDS).研究了不同停留时间、进气浓度及外施电压条件下DMDS的转化,推导了DBD处理DMDS的动力学模型,并根据傅立叶红外(FT-IR)产物分析探讨了反应机理.研究结果表明,DMDS降解产物主要为CO2、SO2和H2O.在停留时间0.067 s、外施电压7500 V、进气量8.4m3·h-1的条件下,进气浓度为80 mg·m-3 DMDS的降解率达到64.3%,体积降解比量为2.26×10-2L·s-1·W-1,绝对处理量达到430 mg·h-1.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

超细冷气溶胶抑制油气预混爆炸实验研究

大型油罐区火灾事故往往伴随着油气爆炸,对应急救援消防官兵生命安全带来威胁.具有可压缩性、流动性和弥散性特征的超细干粉冷气溶胶对泄漏可燃油气爆燃爆轰有抑制作用.采用三路进气20L球试验装置模拟油气-空气与超细干粉冷气溶胶预混点火燃爆过程,实验结果表明:超细干粉冷气溶胶具有物理和化学双重抑爆作用,随着抑爆剂用量的增大其最大爆炸压力和最大爆炸压力上升速率呈下降趋势,且爆炸感应期明显被滞后;抑爆过程油气爆炸指数快速下降后趋于稳定,抑爆效果与超细粉体本身特性、抑爆剂用量及油气点火时刻有关.该研究有助于优化油气环境的最佳抑爆条件,对大型储油罐区油气防火防爆防护和抑爆技术的应用具有积极意义.     

悬浮填料对干旱寒冷地区A2/O工艺脱氮过程强化研究

采用投加悬浮填料方法和高通量测序技术研究新疆干旱寒冷地区污水处理厂的硝化、反硝化速率及生物膜菌群.结果表明,环境温度与水温具有良好的相关性;悬浮填料对氨氮和NO3--N均有降解作用,平均去除率分别为75.72％和81.42％;悬浮填料填充率在20％ ～30％、曝气量在6.0 m3/h～6.5 m3/h时,总氮平均去除率...