New molecular method to detect denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation bacteria from different environmental niches

The denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation is an ecologically important process for reducing the potential methane emission into the atmosphere. The responsible bacterium for this process was Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera belonging to the bacterial phylum of NC10. In this study, a new pair of primers targeting all the five groups of NC10 bacteria was designed to amplify NC10 bacteria from different environmental niches. The results showed that the group A was the dominant NC10 phylum bacteria from the sludges and food waste digestate while in paddy soil samples, group A and group B had nearly the same proportion. Our results also indicated that NC10 bacteria could exist in a high pH environment (pH 9.24) from the food waste treatment facility. The Pearson relationship analysis showed that the pH had a significant positive relationship with the NC10 bacterial diversity (p < 0.05). The redundancy analysis further revealed that the pH, volatile solid and nitrite nitrogen were the most important factors in shaping the NC10 bacterial structure (p = 0.01) based on the variation inflation factors selection and Monte Carlo test (999 times). Results of this study extended the existing molecular tools for studying the NC10 bacterial community structures and provided new information on the ecological distributions of NC10 bacteria.     

Microbial methylation of mercury in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

正Methylmercury(MeHg)is an organic form of the global pollutant mercury(Hg)which readily accumulates in fish tissue.A majority of Hg methylation is a result of microbial activity and the abundance of inorganic Hg within the water reservoirs(Eckley et al.,2017).Compared to natural lakes and rivers,reservoirs have elevated Hg levels from the decomposition of recently flooded organic material which promote Hg     

Sulfur dioxide and o-xylene co-treatment in biofilter: Performance, bacterial populations and bioaerosols emissions

Sulfur dioxide(SO_2) and benzene homologs are frequently present in the off-gas during the process of sewage sludge drying. A laboratory scale biofilter was set up to co-treat SO_2 and o-xylene in the present study. SO_2 and o-xylene could be removed simultaneously in a single biofilter. Their concentration ratio in the inlet stream influenced the removal efficiencies. It is worth noting that the removal of SO_2 could be enhanced when low concentrations of o-xylene were introduced into the biofilter. Pseudomonas sp., Paenibacillus sp., and Bacillus sp. were the main functional bacteria groups in the biofilter. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria(SOB) and o-xylene-degrading bacteria(XB) thrived in the biofilter and their counts as well as their growth rate increased with the increase in amount of SO_2 and o-xylene supplied. The microbial populations differed in counts and species due to the properties and components of the compounds being treated in the biofilter. The presence of mixed substrates enhanced the diversity of the microbial population. During the treatment process, bioaerosols including potentially pathogenic bacteria, e.g., Acinetobacter lwoffii and Aeromonas sp., were emitted from the biofilter. Further investigation is needed to focus on the potential hazards caused by the bioaerosols emitted from waste gas treatment bioreactors.     

Effects of C/N ratio on nitrate removal and floc morphology of autohydrogenotrophic bacteria in a nitrate-containing wastewater treatment process

The effects of C/N ratio of a nitrate-containing wastewater on nitrate removal performed by autohydrogenotrophic bacteria as well as on the morphological parameters of floc such as floc morphology, floc number distribution, mean particle size(MPS), aspect ratio and transparency were examined in this study. The results showed that the nitrate reduction rate increased with increasing C/N ratio from 0.5 to 10 and that the nitrogen removal of up to 95% was found at the C/N ratios of higher than 5(between 0.5–10). Besides, high C/N ratio values reflected a corresponding high nitrite accumulation after 12-hr operation, and a fast decreasing rate of nitrite in the rest of operational time. The final p H values increased with the C/N ratio increasing from 0.5 to 2.5, but decreased with the C/N ratio increasing from2.5 to 10. There were no significant changes in floc morphology with the MPSs ranging from35 to 40 μm. Small and medium-sized flocs were dominant in the sludge suspension, and the number of flocs increased with the increasing C/N ratios. Furthermore, the highest apparent frequency of 10% was observed at aspect ratios of 0.5 and 0.6, while the transparency of flocs changed from 0.1 to 0.7.     

Inhibitive effects of chlortetracycline on performance of the nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process and strategies for recovery

The short-and long-term effects of chlortetracycline(CTC) on the nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox) process were evaluated. The half maximal inhibitory concentration of CTC in the batch tests of the nitritation-anammox process was 278.91 mg/L at an exposure time of 12 hr. The long-term effects of CTC on the process were examined in a continuous-flow nitritation-anammox reactor. Within 14 days, the nitrogen removal rate significantly decreased from 0.61 to 0.25 kg N/m~3/day with 60 mg/L CTC in the influent.The performance suppressed by CTC barely recovered, even after CTC was removed from the influent. Furthermore, the inhibition of CTC also reduced the relative abundance of ammonium oxidizing bacteria(AOB) and anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria(An AOB)in the reactor, resulting in both a decreased amount of and an imbalance between AOB and An AOB. When fresh anammox sludge was reseeded into the nitritation-anammox reactor,the nitrogen removal rate recovered to 0.09 ± 0.03 kg N/m~3/day.     

ABR-MBR组合工艺短程硝化过程的微生物种群

采用Miseq高通量测序技术研究氨氮进水负荷对ABR-MBR组合工艺MBR池中微生物种群的丰度及优势菌群的影响.结果表明,温度为28~32℃、pH值为7.1~7.4、DO为0.5~1mg/L并逐步提高氨氮进水负荷的条件下,可以使氨氧化菌（AOB）大量富集,并抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）的活性,从而实现短程硝化的稳定运行.在氨氮进水负荷为0.94kg/（m³·d）时,平均亚硝酸盐积累率达到60%以上,氨氮去除率稳定在90%.在系统运行过程中,变形菌门是系统中的优势菌门,Nitrosomonas的相对丰度由4.97%升至22.56%,硝化螺菌属的相对丰度为0.06%~2.12%.因此,ABR-MBR组合工艺短程硝化过程中亚硝酸盐积累率与AOB的活性、相对丰度密切相关,即AOB的大量富集可以有效实现短程硝化,而NOB的小幅度增长不会影响短程硝化的实现.系统中微生物种群的多样性和功能微生物的结构稳定性保证了ABR-MBR工艺具有稳定和较好的处理效果.     

船舶微生物腐蚀与防护研究进展

近年来,随着腐蚀研究的不断深入,船舶上一些异常快速的腐蚀问题引起了人们的注意,由此发现微生物腐蚀在船舶上的大量存在。与其他工业体系相比,我国船舶系统微生物腐蚀的研究起步较晚,与国外相比,在重视程度和机理研究层面存在一定差距,亟待加强机理和防护技术领域研究。针对这个问题,文中系统分析了船舶微生物腐蚀的发生位点与危害、腐蚀微生物群落结构、船舶材料的微生物腐蚀以及防护措施等四个方面的最新研究进展,并在此基础上,提出了对船舶微生物腐蚀研究工作的建议,希望能够引起学术界和工业界的重视,以期在相关领域取得突破性进展。     

O3/UV降解喹啉过程中的毒性变化

利用发光细菌新鲜菌悬液进行毒性测试，研究了O3／UV降解喹啉过程中的毒性变化．研究表明，在选取的浓度范围内，无论是HgCl2还是喹啉，发光细菌发光抑制率(或相对发光量)与物质浓度的对数均呈线性关系．采用处于对数生长期初期的发光细菌进行毒性测试时的灵敏度和最低检测限都很理想，适合于毒性测试．O3／UV降解喹啉时，体系毒性出现先迅速上升并保持一段时间随后缓慢下降然后又缓慢上升的现象．O3／UV降解喹啉过程中产生了毒性更强的中间产物，这些产物是导致体系毒性上升的主要因素。     

生物产氢技术研究进展

由于矿物资源的日益枯竭 ,寻找清洁的替代能源已成为一项迫切的课题 .氢被普遍认为是一种最有吸引力的替代能源 .这是因为氢是宇宙间最简单同时也是最为丰富的元素 ,它的热值高达 118.4ｋＪ/ｇ ,是甲烷的 2 .3倍 ;氢又是一种十分清洁的能源 ,它燃烧后只生成水 ;氢还能够比较容易地储存在一些特殊的金属间化合物或纳米非金属材料中 ,并能快速释放 ,这样 ,在运输和使用上比较方便 .氢除了作为优异的能源外 ,它还是一种工业上必不可少的原材料[1] .然而 ,氢气在地球表面的浓度小于 1ｍｇ/Ｌ ,仅占地球表面大气的极小部分 .在自然界中大部分的氢…     

耐氨固氮菌对水稻的增产效果及对土壤肥力变化的影响

耐氨固氮菌是通过基因工程选育出来的新型菌株，水稻接种后，因根系活性提高、吸收功能增强、体内营养状况得到改善而增产．盆栽和田间试验结果表明．水稻接种耐氨固氮菌后增产３．１％—７．１％，氮肥利用率提高１．４％—１１．２％；与对照区比较，土壤肥力并无下降的趋势，是一种投资小、简便易行的增产措施．