Simple and rapid determination of dioxin in fish and sea food using a highly sensitive reporter cell line, CBG 2.8D

Food, especially animal origin food is the main source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) for human exposure. So, a simple, rapid and cheap bioassay method is needed for determination of dioxins in food samples. In this study, we used a new highly sensitive reporter cell line to determine the concentration of dioxins in 33 fish and seafood samples. The samples were extracted by shaking with water/isopropanol (1:1 v/v) and hexane and cleaned-up by a multi layered silica gel column and an alumina column, then analyzed using CBG 2.8D cell line. We compared the results obtained from the CBG 2.8D cell assay to those obtained from conventional High-Resolution Gas Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRGC–HRMS) analysis. Good correlations were observed between these two methods (r²=0.93). While the slope of regression line was 1.76, the bioanalytical equivalent (BEQ) values were 1.76 folds higher than WHO-TEQ values and the conversion coefficient was 0.568 (the reciprocal of 1.76). In conclusion, CBG 2.8D cell assay was an applicable method to determine dioxins levels in fish and sea food samples.     

全氟辛烷磺酸对赤子爱胜蚓的抗氧化酶、代谢酶和DNA损伤的影响

非致死浓度下全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)对土壤生物的毒性作用研究在国内外鲜见报道.因此,本文采用人工土壤培养法,通过亚急性试验,研究了PFOS对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)生长抑制、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及DNA损伤的影响.结果表明,PFOS暴露急性期和亚急性期,非致死浓度PFOS显著抑制蚯蚓生长(p=0.000),生长抑制率随着暴露浓度、暴露时间的增大而逐渐增大,42 d时250 mg·kg^-1处理组的生长抑制率最大(55.86%).PFOS暴露急性期和亚急性期,非致死浓度PFOS对GST和CAT活性没有显著性影响(GST:p=0.067;CAT:p=0.123),采用GST和CAT酶活性评价非致死浓度PFOS对蚯蚓的生态毒性时,需要参考其他指标进行综合分析.PFOS暴露急性期,非致死浓度PFOS可致体腔细胞DNA损伤;PFOS暴露亚急性期,体腔细胞DNA损伤随着暴露时间的增加而逐渐得到恢复.     

五氯苯酚的生态毒性效应及其遗传毒性

为评价环境内分泌干扰物——五氯苯酚对土壤生态系统动植物的生态毒性效应,检测了五氯苯酚对8种作物种子的萌发和根伸长的抑制作用以及对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)的急性毒性作用;并运用小麦根尖细胞微核实验和赤子爱胜蚓体细胞核的彗星实验,检测了五氯苯酚的遗传毒性效应.结果表明,五氯苯酚在一定浓度范围内对作物种子的...     

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on dithiothreitol (DTT) assay measurements for carbon materials

The dithiothreitol (DTT) assay is the most commonly used method to quantify the oxidative potential of fine particles. However, the reported DTT decay rates of carbon black (CB) materials vary greatly among different researchers. This might have resulted from either the intrinsic toxicity of CB or the unsuitability of the DTT assay protocol for CB particles. In the current study, the protocol of the DTT assay for CB materials has been carefully evaluated. It was found that the dispersion degree of CB particles in water has a great influence on the DTT decay rate of CB materials. For CB particles (special black 4A (SB4A) and Printex U) and single-walled carbon nanotube tube (SWCNT), the DTT decay rate after sonication for 10?min became 4.2, 4.6 and 1.7 times higher than that without sonication. The rate continued to grow as a function of ultrasound time up to 30?min of sonication. Although the concentration of soluble transition metals and surface oxygen-containing species such as carbonyls increased slightly with sonication, they had no significant effects on the measured DTT activity, while the increase in the dispersion degree of aggregates was found to play a vital role in the observed enhancement of the DTT decay rates for different CB materials. Based on our results, 30?min of sonication is recommended for sample dispersion when measuring the DTT decay rate of CB materials.     

水中细菌内毒素污染特性及检测方法研究进展

细菌内毒素是革兰氏阴性菌和某些蓝藻细胞壁的脂多糖复合物,主要由菌体死亡解体后释放,是常见的外源性致热原,具有强免疫刺激能力,与人类多种疾病密切相关.内毒素分子的耐受力好,耐热性强,不易被常规方法去除.饮用水和水环境中的内毒素可通过多种暴露途径导致机体潜在的健康风险,成为近年来研究的热点.本文概述了细菌内毒素的理化特性和生物活性,综述了细菌内毒素多种检测方法的研究进展,并对细菌内毒素的法定检测方法——鲎试验用于检测水体环境样品的干扰问题和排除方法进行分析.     

Modified dehydrogenase enzyme assay for evaluation of the influence of Hg,Cd, and Zn on the bacterial community structure of a wastewater treatment plant

In this study, a traditional assay was modified to evaluate the effect of Hg, Cd, and Zn on the bacterial community of a sequencing batch reactor and activated sludge plants and heavy metal-resistant bacterial species were determined. After the isolation of metal-resistant bacteria, their 16S rRNA gene fragments were sequenced. The BLAST program was used to compare the resulting 16S rRNA sequences with those in GenBank database to identify the isolated bacterial species. Hg was found to be the most toxic metal for both bacterial communities investigated. Sequence batch reactor bacteria were comparatively more resistant to Hg, Cd, and Zn than those from activated sludge. The resistant strains were close to the members of genus Pseudomonas, Kocuria, Stenotrophomonas, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus. The modified dehydrogenase enzyme assay seems to be simple, robust, and competent for evaluation of the impact of metals on bacterial activity. Sequencing batch reactor systems should be preferred over activated sludge when wastewaters containing hazardous metals are to be treated.     

敌百虫致小鼠外周血淋巴细胞DNA-蛋白质交联作用研究

为探讨敌百虫致DNA-蛋白质交联作用,以昆明小鼠为受试动物,敌百虫按0、20、40、60 mg·kg-14个剂量水平,灌胃染毒小鼠2周。第5组以提取的正常小鼠外周血淋巴细胞经50μmol·L-1的H2O2处理为阳性对照组。采用经改进的彗星试验方法来检测染毒后外周血淋巴细胞DNA-蛋白质交联效应。结果表明,与空白组相比,各敌百虫染毒组都能引起DNA损伤作用(P0.01)并引起一定程度的DNA-蛋白质交联效应,在较高浓度(40、60 mg·kg-1)时DNA-蛋白质交联尤为明显,存在一定的潜在突变风险。     

典型生活污水处理工艺对雌激素效应的去除

针对水环境中内分泌干扰物低浓度、高风险的特点,采用酵母菌法和酶联免疫法对3个污水处理工艺流程中污水的雌激素活性和雌二醇(E2)水平进行评价.结果表明,污水厂进水的雌二醇当量(EEQ)和E2的水平分别为4.35~7.58 ng·L~(-1)和36.95~83.43 ng·L~(-1).雌激素活性和E2的去除主要发生在生物处理阶段,如氧化沟、A~2/O和A~2/O+MBR工艺,且经以上工艺处理之后,雌激素活性和E2分别降低71.10%~75.54%和75.88%~80.72%.污泥对雌激素效应具有一定的去除作用,通过吸附作用污泥的EEQ和E2的含量分别为1.84~2.43 ng·g~(-1)和8.45~12.84 ng·g~(-1).但污水厂出水仍具有较高的雌激素活性,其EEQ为1.06~2.19 ng·L~(-1),对受纳水体的水生生物具有潜在的危害.酶联免疫法与酵母菌法具有很好的一致性,并为水环境雌激素的快速筛选和评价提供了一个新方法.     

一株生物素依赖型菌株bio-5:分离,初步鉴定及其用于生物素浓度测定

从西红柿根圈土壤中分离纯化到一株生物素依赖型菌株bio - 5 ,经测定其内源抗生素抗性和脂肪酸特征 ,初步定名为假单胞菌bio - 5 .这一菌株对生物素非常敏感 .建立了以此菌株用于测定生物素浓度的标准方法 .利用这一方法 ,测定了不同作物叶子中生物素的含量 ,并将这一方法成功用于筛选转stv基因烟草植物 .与传统生物素测定菌株LactobacillusplantarumATCC80 14比较 ,我们所分离的菌株具有易于获得 ,易于培养 ,快速用于生物素浓度测定的特点 .图 7表 2参 2 2     

Evaluation of DNA damage in the root cells of Allium cepa seeds growing in soil of high background radiation areas of Ramsar – Iran

Plants are unique in their ability to serve as in situ monitors for environmental genotoxins. We have used the alkaline comet assay for detecting induced DNA damage in Allium cepa to estimate the impact of high levels of natural radiation in the soils of inhabited zones of Ramsar. The average specific activity of natural radionuclides measured in the soil samples for ²²⁶Ra was 12,766 Bq kg⁻¹ whereas in the control soils was in the range of 34–60 Bq kg⁻¹. A positive strong significant correlation of the DNA damage in nuclei of the root cells of A. cepa seeds germinated in the soil of high background radiation areas with ²²⁶Ra specific activity of the soil samples was observed. The results showed high genotoxicity of radioactively contaminated soils. Also the linear increase in the DNA damage indicates that activation of repair enzymes is not triggered by exposure to radiation in HBRA.