模糊综合评价法在钢铁企业安全投资合理性评价中的应用

为了对钢铁企业安全投资进行模糊综合评价,建立了钢铁企业安全投资的评价体系,确定各因素的权重。得出模糊综合评价矩阵,可对各因素进行评价分析;得出某钢铁企业安全投资现状分数为83.9分,等级为较好,需着重加强安全培训、劳保品、工业卫生等人因素方面的投资;在环境方面的投资较合理。     

The importance of temperature in assessing iron pipe corrosion in water distribution systems

Temperature is expected to play a significant role in the corrosion of iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems. Temperature impacts many parameters that are critical to pipe corrosion including biological activity, physical properties of the solution, thermodynamic and physical properties of corrosion scale, and chemical rates. Moreover, variations in temperature and temperature gradients may give rise to new corrosion phenomena worthy of consideration by water treatment personnel.     

免烧免蒸粉煤灰砖的研究

本文讨论了免烧免蒸粉煤灰砖的生产原理，制造技术。试验结果表明利用化学复合外加剂能够成功地生产出免烧免蒸粉煤从砖，且产品质量达到红砖１００号的标准。文中还分析了生产粉煤灰砖的经济效益和社会效益。     

焦化黄血盐吸收塔填料自燃原因分析

焦化黄血盐系统内的吸收塔在停产检修补充填料——铁刨花期间，经常发生铁刨花自燃现象，这是严重的事故隐患。结合武钢焦化公司黄血盐工艺特点，对其自燃原因作了详细分析，提出了避免此类事故发生的措施。     

Pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics in livestock manure and manure-amended soils in Jiangsu province,China

The aim of this study was to investigate the pollution characteristics of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil of livestock farms in Jiangsu province. This investigation employed solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 53 manure and 50 amended soil samples from 16 livestock farms in Jiangsu province were collected for analysis. In the manure samples, the highest detected frequencies and concentrations were those of tetracyclines (TCs, 54.1 ± 5775.6 μgkg^?1), followed by fluoroquinolones (FQs, 8.4 ± 435.6 μgkg^?1), sulphonamides (SAs, 3.2 ± 5.2 μgkg^?1) and macrolides (MACs, 0.4 ± 110.5 μgkg^?1). Statistical analysis was used to illuminate the pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics for various animal types and different regions in Jiangsu province. The results showed that the pollution level in cow manure was relatively lower compared with pig and chicken manure due to the relative restriction of medication. Furthermore, contamination was serious in amended soil from chicken farms. The pollution level in manure among different regions was higher to the south and north compared with the centre of the region. The same outcome was found for soil. Antibiotic residues in organic fertilizer were also investigated in this study. We found that although the detected concentration was lower in organic fertilizer than in fresh manure, detection frequencies (10–90%) were high, especially for roxithromycin (90%) in MACs (30–90%). This finding suggests attention should be paid to the pollution levels in organic fertilizer. This study is the first extensive investigation of the occurrence and distribution of many kinds of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil from livestock farms of Jiangsu province. This investigation systematically assesses veterinary antibiotics usage and related emissions in southeast China.     

环境中VOCs的污染现状及处理技术研究进展

综述了近十年来大气环境中挥发性有机物(VOcs)的污染现状及其主要处理技术的研究进展.介绍了目前大气环境中VOCs的主要处理技术(包括吸附、冷凝及膜分离等回收技术和燃烧、等离子体、光催化降解和生物降解等销毁技术)的适用条件、经济性、可操作性和净化效率.提出要对VOCs的吸收和生物降解的反应动力学模型、催化机制、材料的性能及微生物活性进行深入研究的建议.     

解磷微生物肥料的研究与进展

磷是植物生长必需的矿物质元素之一,在土壤中易被固定降低其有效性,目前,研究和生产含有解磷功能的微生物有机肥料是转化土壤中无效磷、提高磷肥利用率的有效途径之一。叙述了解磷微生物犯料中微生物的种类、生态分布规律和影响高效解磷微生物选育的外部因素,概述了解磷微生物菌肥的应用和研究进展,探讨了解磷微生物肥料的应用价值。为解磷微生物未来的研究重点提出理论依据。．     

生物法合成纳米铁的研究进展

纳米铁颗粒的制备技术发展迅速,方法多种多样。生物法因其具有原料来源广,反应条件温和,产物纳米级颗粒不易团聚,以及有毒副产物少等特点,成为学者们争相研究的对象。对近几年国内外采用微生物、植物提取物等合成纳米铁材料的方法及机理进行了阐述,综述了纳米铁在环保领域的应用,并对今后深入研究生物法合成纳米铁的前景进行了展望。     

树脂基纳米零价铁复合材料的制备及其去除重金属铅Pb(Ⅱ)的性能研究

凭借着优越的还原活性,纳米零价铁在环境污染治理和修复领域应用广泛。通过将纳米零价铁(n ZVI)颗粒负载到大孔阴离子和阳离子交换树脂上,成功制备出2种树脂基纳米零价铁复合材料。研究了2种复合材料及其载体对水溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)的去除性能,考察了不同载体功能基团对复合材料去除Pb(Ⅱ)性能的影响。结果表明:以大孔阴离子交换树脂为载体的D001-Fe0复合材料因具有离子交换和化学还原双重作用,对Pb(Ⅱ)的去除效率高、速率快。     

纳米氧化锌颗粒物通过氧化应激和离子通道失调诱导大鼠气管上皮细胞凋亡的机理

纳米氧化锌具有广泛的工业用途,其生态安全性受到广泛关注,针对纳米氧化锌诱导的呼吸道细胞毒性及其作用机理研究尚不广泛.本研究分别采用不同浓度和粒径(30 nm和90 nm)的氧化锌颗粒物处理大鼠气管上皮细胞(rat tracheal epithelial cells,RTE cells),暴露时间为12 h,通过检测细胞内锌元素含量,细胞增殖抑制率,细胞凋亡率,凋亡相关caspsae 3基因与蛋白相对表达量,细胞内金属硫蛋白活性,ROS和MDA含量、细胞内Ca~(2+)-ATP酶和Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活性来分析纳米氧化锌诱导细胞毒效应机理.在90 nm纳米氧化锌高浓度暴露时,其细胞内锌元素浓度为0.845μg·L~(-1),约为低浓度暴露组的4.7倍,是30 nm低浓度暴露组的9倍;纳米颗粒物诱导的细胞增殖和凋亡毒效应具有剂量和尺寸依赖效应;30 nm处理组的pro-caspase 3和cleaved-caspase 3蛋白表达量均高于90 nm暴露组;暴露浓度为10 mg·L~(-1)的90 nm处理组的金属硫蛋白增加量为0.533μg·L~(-1),增幅达到46%;不同粒径氧化锌颗粒物处理后,细胞内ROS和MDA含量显著上升,且30 nm处理组结果均高于90 nm处理组;纳米氧化锌颗粒物暴露诱导细胞Ca~(2+)-ATP酶和Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活性显著下降,30 nm氧化锌颗粒物暴露组,其Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活性分别是对照组的1.8倍和3.5倍.纳米氧化锌颗粒物进入RTE细胞,通过干扰锌在细胞内代谢,诱导细胞内ROS和MDA水平升高,产生氧化应激,进而诱导细胞凋亡是导致纳米氧化锌产生细胞毒性的主要原因之一.纳米氧化锌会导致细胞内Ca~(2+)-ATPase和Na~+/K~+-ATPase活性下降,离子通道失调,破坏细胞内离子平衡,进一步造成细胞凋亡.