硫酸、亚钠生产中烟气中水净化洗涤水的循环-硫化处理与综合利用

针对化工厂硫酸、亚硫酸钠生产过程中烟气中水净化系统存在的酸性废水未能利用问题,在净化洗涤水处理综合利用工业实验改进与完善的基础上,将净化洗涤水自身的水质特性、系统循环特点与经典硫化沉淀水处理技术应用有机结合,并形成循环-硫化沉淀酸水处理技术措施,克服烟气中水洗涤净化水处理过程中存在的沉淀分离不够稳定等问题,不但使酸性废水得到高效循环利用,而且使经除杂等处理后的含酸17%以上的酸水,作为补充水用于硫酸干吸系统浓酸的稀释;而且使酸水中所含有价金属酸泥经分步沉淀、分类分离回收后送至冶炼厂提炼,使硫酸烟气中水净化洗涤系统酸性废水得到综合利用并实现其净化酸水系统少排或零排放。     

发达国家废玻璃回收利用经验及借鉴

介绍了发达国家处理和再利用废玻璃的经验,提出我国应借鉴发达国家经验,从科研、政策、法律等方面加强废玻璃的再利用工作。     

湖泊内源污染的环保疏浚及其效果--以长春南湖清淤工程为例

通过介绍长春南湖底泥清淤工程及其治理效果,论述了底泥环保疏浚的实施原则和方法,并从湖泊水质的改善等方面证明了该方法在治理湖泊的富营养化污染中不可替代的作用和环境效应。      

焦作市市区地下水水质现状评价

在分析焦作市市区孔隙水赋存情况的基础上 ,运用模糊综合评判和灰色聚类评价相结合的方法 ,对该市市区地下水水质进行了现状评价 ,克服了目前传统的指数评价法和单独运用模糊综合评判法存在的弊端 ,使评价结果更为客观。     

水解酸化-生物接触氧化-漂白脱色工艺处理纺织综合废水

溢达纺织有限公司纺织综合废水水质为 :pH 10～ 14、CODCr10 0 0～ 15 0 0mg L、BOD530 0～ 4 5 0mg L、SS 30 0mg L、S2 - 3mg L ,水温 4 0～ 5 0℃、色度 4 0 0～ 6 0 0倍 ,采用水解酸化 生物接触氧化 漂白氧化脱色处理工艺 ,处理后出水达到排放目标。经过 2a多时间的运行实践 ,结果表明 ,处理的出水水质稳定。     

城市暴雨灾害风险评估及防御对策研究——以江苏省南京市为例

以江苏省南京市为例,从气象灾害发生维度评估城市暴雨气象灾害风险性。从致灾因子、孕灾环境和承灾体三方面构建南京暴雨灾害风险评价体系,采用2003-2012年统计数据对南京暴雨灾害风险评价指标进行等级划分,构建隶属函数判定评价因素与评价等级的隶属程度,建立二级模糊综合评价模型评估南京暴雨灾害风险,并选取2012年南京暴雨实例进行数据演算,验证该评价模型的有效性,最后提出南京暴雨灾害的防御对策。     

煤矸石的综合利用现状

煤矸石是我国排放量最大的工业废渣之一 ,不仅占用大量农田和土地 ,而且严重污染环境。为了加强对煤矸石利用以使其资源化 ,对我国的煤矸石资源状况、我国煤矸石的综合利用技术研究的现状进行了综述 ,并对煤矸石资源化提出了一些设想。     

Systematic inherent safety and its implementation in chlorine liquefaction process

As a proactive safeguard, inherent safety has been regarded as the top hierarchy for loss prevention and risk management due to its salient features in eliminating or significantly reducing risks at source rather than mitigating them by add-on protections. Simultaneously, various assessment tools have been developed for ranking and selecting inherently safer designs or modifications. However, there still lacks a metric that can systematically incorporate various hazardous factors, which may hinder most industries from utilizing it to a full extent. To address this limitation, this work developed a Systematic Inherent Safety Metric (SISM) for measuring the inherently safer modifications. Firstly, the conceptual framework of SIS was proposed based on 5M1E (man, machine, material, method, measurement, and environment). Subsequently, analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation were adapted to conduct risk identification and assessment. Finally, taking chlorine liquefaction process as a case study, the applicability and efficacy of SIS were validated based on PDCA (plan-do-check-action) cycle. The results show that the SISM value has improved from the relatively dangerous (RD) to the relatively safe (RS) after implementing SIS, thus demonstrating that the revised design is inherently safer than the base design.     

新型气流剪切错流旋转填料床的综合性能评判

针对旋转填料床除尘效率低和运行能耗高的问题,通过改变上旋转填料环填料（上填料）和下旋转填料环填料（下填料）的孔隙率,增加填料环直径形成填料床壁面外突实现设备优化,研究超重力因子和气速对气流剪切错流旋转填料床（GSC-RPB）和新型气流剪切错流旋转填料床（NGSC-RPB）的影响,并提出应用品质因子评判填料床综合性能的方法。实验结果表明:优化前后旋转填料床的除尘效率和气相压力随着气速和超重力因子的增加而增加;NGSC-RPB的除尘效率较GSC-RPB有显著提高,NGSC-RPB的气相压降则略有降低;在达到国家超低排放浓度标准即5 mg/m3的前提下,通过对品质因子的分析可知,NGSC-RPB的综合性能有所提高,在气速为1.3 m/s,超重力因子为90~120时NGSC-RPB的综合性能最优。     

Evaluation on the development degree of China’s seven pilot carbon markets

China is preparing to establish a nationwide carbon market in 2017, and in order to facilitate this goal, seven pilot carbon markets have been under study for the past few years. This paper summarizes the operation experience and challenges of the seven pilot carbon markets in China. It has been widely accepted that the essence of a carbon market is to solve environmental problems through market mechanisms, with environmental benefit being the fundamental purpose, market mechanism being the key measure, and policies and regulations being an important guarantee for an orderly carbon market. Therefore, this paper constructs an evaluation index system composed of 34 detailed sub-indexes in three dimensions, such as environmental constraint force, market resource allocation ability, and supporting policies and facility completeness. Through analyzing the operation data from 2013 to 2016, the weights of the sub-indexes are obtained. In addition, the study obtains experts’ opinions from over 10 carbon permits exchanges, consultancy firms and research institutions in China, and conducts a comprehensive evaluation on the development degree of the seven pilot carbon markets. Results show that the pilot carbon markets that include private SMEs as the covered entities for emissions control present relatively higher environmental constraint force. But too many covered entities could increase the difficulty of market performance management, while the pilots that include high energy-consuming state-owned enterprises as the entities for emissions control demonstrate a phenomenon of “high market compliance rate with low trading volume”. The resource allocation capability of China’s carbon market has not been effectively brought into play, and low degree of market participation has become an important constraint factor for market development. Due to the lack of laws and regulations at the national macro-level, the legally binding force of the pilot markets construction is obviously insufficient, and the supporting policies are lacking foresights. Generally, the development of China’s pilot carbon markets is still in such a fragmented state as in the aspects of environment, market and policy development, and the market operation has not yet achieved the purpose of solving environmental problems through market mechanisms. Accordingly, policy recommendations pointed out by this study are that tightening the allowance of free quota and progressively increasing the auction proportion, improving legal construction, increasing the services and products of carbon finance and standardizing the order of market transactions, enhancing capacity building of local governments and promoting the participation willingness and capability of emissions control entities, will be necessary.