污水厂污泥在不同氧气浓度下的热分析动力学特性研究

为了解在不同氧气浓度下污泥的热解燃烧行为和动力学机理,利用热重差热分析仪,在不同氧气浓度下,对经过不同干燥温度干燥的污泥样品进行热重差热实验.通过分析氧气浓度和干燥温度对样品热分析曲线的影响发现,干燥温度对污泥样品热分析的影响很小,但氧气浓度对其有明显的影响;随着氧气浓度的增加,热分析曲线有规律的向左偏移.在此基础上,提出污泥在不同氧气浓度条件下3种物质独立反应的热化学反应动力学模型.在该模型中,3个阶段分别对应3种不同的物质独立反应.在各种氧气浓度条件下,这3种物质的反应过程均符合一级反应模型.随着氧气浓度的上升,3个阶段对应的活化能和频率因子呈现上升趋势.     

生物膜SBR反应器中低氨氮浓度废水亚硝化启动试验研究

为建立生物膜SBR反应器处理中低氨氮浓度废水的自养脱氮系统,采用控制DO浓度、HRT和不同生物载体填料的4组小试生物膜SBR反应器,对中低氨氮浓度废水进行了单级自养脱氮工艺亚硝化阶段的启动试验研究.结果表明:接种普通好氧活性污泥和厌氧污泥,在水温30℃±2℃,氨氮浓度60～120mg/L,DO为0.8～1.0mg/L和HRT=24h条件下,运行130d可实现稳定的亚硝化,YJZH软性组合填料更适合于微生物附着.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰基本性质的研究

分析了几种焚烧飞灰的基本性质,讨论了燃烧过程中可能影响飞灰中重金属分布的因素,研究表明:焚烧飞灰结构复杂性和性质多变,其主要的化学组成为Cl、Ca、K、Na、Si、Al、O等,主要的重金属为Zn、Pb、Cr、Cu等;飞灰多以不规则的无定形态和多晶聚合体的结构存在,浸出毒性一般超过危险废物鉴别标准;重金属主要以气溶胶小颗粒和富集于飞灰颗粒表面的形式存在于飞灰中.焚烧厂和焚烧时间的变化对于飞灰性质有较大影响,几种飞灰的Cl含量范围为6.93%～29.18%,SiO₂为4.48%～24.84%;浸出毒性则在0～163.10mg·L^-1(Pb)、0.049～164.90mg·L^-1(Zn)之间变化.     

Preliminary study on health risk from mercury exposure to residents of Wujiazhan town on the Di’er Songhua river, Northeast China

Mercury concentrations in hair are typically used as a biomarker to assess exposure to mercury. A total of 108 hair samples were collected from residents (age range 5–73 years) of Wujiazhan town, northeast China, to determine total mercury concentrations. Hair mercury concentrations ranged from 0.16 to 199 mg kg^–1 with an average value of 3.41 mg kg⁻¹. The relationships between mercury concentration and gender and between hair mercury concentration and age were not significant. Overall, 16.7% of all samples were above the RfD value published by the United States Environmental Protection agency. The results indicate that there may be some been health risk from mercury exposure to the residents in the study area.     

2002-2021年渤海叶绿素a浓度变化及环境响应分析

基于2013-2021年渤海遥感反射率和叶绿素a浓度等实测数据,开展了该海域MODIS影像的叶绿素a浓度遥感反演模型研究。选择OC3经典模型形式,采用渤海的实测数据进行拟合分析,获取了适用于渤海的模型局地化参数,通过真实性检验得到叶绿素a浓度的遥感反演结果与实测值的决定系数为0.84,平均相对误差为24.77%,均方根误差为5.56 μg/L,反演精度较佳。利用该算法反演获取了渤海2002-2021年叶绿素a的月度、季度和年度平均浓度,分析了其时空变化特征,同时结合2001-2021年渤海非优良水质比例开展了环境响应分析。分析结果显示:2001-2021年,渤海非优良水质比例与同时期叶绿素a浓度变化趋势基本一致,呈现先变差后变好的倒V形趋势;5年平均的非优良水质比例与叶绿素a浓度变化趋势更直观地反映了2001-2021年渤海整体的水环境变化趋势,与非优良水质比例相比,叶绿素a浓度对渤海水环境的改善响应更快。     

应对二氧化碳浓度上升问题的研究:CO_2的捕获、储存与利用

为了缓解日益严重的CO2浓度升高导致的温室效应等环境问题,针对各国CO2过量排放与温室效应逐渐加剧的现状,讨论传统CO2减排方法与CO2的捕获、储存与利用(CCSU)的优缺点和优势互补,论述针对大型CO2排放点的减排措施——CCSU的必要性。对CCSU进行系统的介绍和认识,并对CCSU所包含的各种捕获技术、储存技术以及利用技术的特点进行对比和分析,论述其适用范围、地域和经济因素。结合国外一些现有的应用CO2的先进技术和经验,对CO2的捕获与利用的联用作出分析和展望。尤其是CO2的化工利用具有广阔的研发和发展前景,CO2EOR(CO2提高采收率技术)在技术和经济上具有实际应用意义。为新型环保型能源体系的建设提供参考。     

Preserving Population Allele Frequencies in Ex Situ Conservation Programs

Abstract: Optimization of contributions of parents to progeny by minimizing the average coancestry of the progeny is an effective strategy for maintaining genetic diversity in ex situ conservation programs, but its application on the basis of molecular markers has the negative collateral effect of homogenizing the allelic frequencies at each locus. Because one of the objectives of a conservation program is to preserve the genetic composition of the original endangered population, we devised a method in which markers are used to maintain the allele frequency distribution at each locus as closely as possible to that of the native population. Contributions of parents were obtained so as to minimize changes in allele frequency for a set of molecular markers in a population of reduced size. We used computer simulations, under a range of scenarios, to assess the effectiveness of the method in comparison with methods in which contributions of minimum coancestry are sought, either making use of molecular markers or genealogical information. Our simulations indicated that the proposed method effectively maintained the original distribution of allele frequencies, particularly under strong linkage, and maintained acceptable levels of genetic diversity in the population. Nevertheless, contributions of minimum coancestry determined from pedigree information but ignoring the genealogy previous to the conservation program, was the most effective method for maintaining allelic frequencies in realistic situations.     

乙烯撑二氨基苯磺酸生产中磺化废酸的处理

对乙烯撑二氨基苯磺酸生产过程中产生的磺化废酸采用浓缩法进行处理,得到的浓硫酸顺生产中使用。废酸浓缩装置的工艺简单,投资少,建设周期短,运行平稳,１年内即可收回投资,经济效益显著。该装置的建成投产,大大改善了周围环境,具有明显的环境效益。     

PRA浓度和显色温度对West—Gaeke法测定SO2的回归斜率和空白值的影响

试验研究表明，Ｗｅｓｔ－Ｇａｅｋｅ法制定大气ＳＯ２，空白试验值不仅随显色温度增高而增高，而且随ＰＲＡ浓度增高而增高。尤其，在２０±２℃时，ＰＲＡ浓度＞０．０１６％时，校准曲线斜率比方法规定值偏高；称取ＰＲＡ０．１００ｇ提纯后使用，在３０℃时，回归斜率比方法规定值偏低。本文提出了对方法的补充意见。     

Early Effects of Atmospheric Ammonia Deposition on Calluna Vulgaris (L.) Hull Growing on an Ombrotrophic Peat Bog

This paper reports data from a field study investigating the impacts of elevated ammonia (NH₃) deposition on Calluna vulgaris growing on an ombrotrophic peat bog in S.E. Scotland. Shoot extension, foliar N concentrations, chlorophyll concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured during the second growing season of exposure to a gradient of ammonia concentrations. Results indicate that NH₃ increases growth between 150–200 kg N ha^–1y^–1 cumulative deposition. Foliar N content increased significantly in response to NH₃ cumulative deposition up to 400 kg N ha^–1 y^–1 whereas chlorophyll a content significantly decreased. Measurements of Fv/Fm suggest that although NH₃ exposure altered the growth and reduced chlorophyll a, the efficiency of photosystem II was insensitive to NH₃-N deposition at this stage.