变频水处理器在锅炉除防垢上的应用试验

从变频水处理器的工作原理、使用、安装以及除防垢效果等方面介绍了变频水处理器在锅炉除防垢方面的应用试验情况.结果表明变频式水处理器技术在节能、提高整个系统的自动化水平、提高安全可靠性等方面具有明显的效果.     

Application of SWAT with and without Variable Source Area Hydrology to a Large Watershed

In this study, two different versions of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model were used to simulate the hydrology and biogeochemical response of the Cannonsville Reservoir watershed, in New York. The first version distributes overland flow in ways that are consistent with variable source area (VSA) hydrology driven by saturation excess runoff, whereas the second version is the standard version of SWAT. These two models were each calibrated for streamflow (Flow), particulate phosphorus (PP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and sediment (Sed) against measured data from the 1,200 km² Cannonsville watershed. The standard version of the model yielded an r² between the measured and simulated data of 0.85, 0.73, 0.70, and 0.72 for Flow, Sed, TDP, and PP, respectively. The VSA version yielded an r² of 0.84, 0.69, 0.72, and 0.53 for Flow, Sed, TDP, and PP, respectively. The two models were then used to determine the maximum upper bound on the reduction in phosphorus loading by removing all of the corn in the watershed. The average reductions between the two models were 65 and 37% for PP and TDP, respectively. The VSA version was also used to estimate the effect of moving corn land in the watershed from the wettest, most runoff prone areas to the driest, least runoff prone areas, which cannot be done directly with the standard SWAT model.     

Need for multiscale planning for conservation of urban bats

For over a century there have been continual efforts to incorporate nature into urban planning. These efforts (i.e., urban reconciliation) aim to manage and create habitats that support biodiversity within cities. Given that species select habitat at different spatial scales, understanding the scale at which urban species respond to their environment is critical to the success of urban reconciliation efforts. We assessed species–habitat relationships for common bat species at 50‐m, 500‐m, and 1 km spatial scales in the Chicago (U.S.A.) metropolitan area and predicted bat activity across the greater Chicago region. Habitat characteristics across all measured scales were important predictors of silver‐haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis) activity, and big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) activity was significantly lower at urban sites relative to rural sites. Open vegetation had a negative effect on silver‐haired bat activity at the 50‐m scale but a positive effect at the 500‐m scale, indicating potential shifts in the relative importance of some habitat characteristics at different scales. These results demonstrate that localized effects may be constrained by broader spatial patterns. Our findings highlight the importance of considering scale in urban reconciliation efforts and our landscape predictions provide information that can help prioritize urban conservation work.     

调峰电厂脱硫装置氧化系统设计与配置

通过对调峰机组特点的分析,结合脱硫氧化风机配置要求,在2台全容量或3台半容量设计指导意见的基础上提出了风机变频改造和调整风机配置2种方式,以减少塔内氧化空气剩余量,降低氧化风机能耗。     

基于变维分形理论的四川省低山丘陵区滑坡孕灾环境因素敏感性分析

定量分析滑坡孕灾环境因素的敏感性有利于研究滑坡的形成机制和空间分布特征。基于变维分形理论,应用累计变换和次数和分维值两个分形指标,对研究区内滑坡与孕灾环境因素的关系进行定量分析,为构建滑坡敏感性分析评价指标体系提供分形学依据。研究表明:植被覆盖、岩土类型和坡度等因素对滑坡发育的影响程度较高,是研究区内滑坡空间分布的主要控制因素;断裂构造和河流两个因素对滑坡发育的影响程度较低,对研究区内滑坡空间分布的控制能力较弱。     

振动信号的全频带三参量测量

目的解决振动信号的加速度、速度、位移三参量全频带测量问题。方法提出一种由振动加速度信号、位移信号生成全频带位移、速度、加速度信号的方法,对实测位移信号微分并低通滤波,对实测加速度信号积分并高通滤波,然后两者相加,得到全频段的加速度、速度、位移信号,所用的微分、积分、滤波都是用离散传函表示。结果不论是正弦振动还是随机振动,生成的位移、速度、加速度信号与正确的位移、速度、加速度信号一致。结论该方法可以由实测位移信号、加速度信号实时生成全频带三参量信号。     

基于双层规划模型的城市固体废物管理系统优化研究

采用变权重组合模型和情景分析法,对北京市的城市固体废物(MSW)产量进行有效地预测.预测结果表明,北京市垃圾产量增幅不大但处理设施容量存在缺口.在科学预测的基础上,构建以温室气体(GHG)控制为上层目标,系统成本最小化为下层目标的双层规划模型(BLPMGMC).该模型的结果表明,焚烧和堆肥将是北京市MSW的主要处理方式;在3个规划时段内,GHG总排放量达到1.67×106t(以CO2当量计),填埋场的CH4和焚烧厂的N2O是GHG排放的主要贡献者;系统总成本达到7.0×109元,其中,65%的成本来自于焚烧厂和堆肥厂.4种模型结果的对比分析表明,双层规划能提供综合经济和环境因素的管理方案.     

Coastal mudflats as reservoirs of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes: Studies in Eastern China

Despite coastal mudflats serving as essential ecological zones interconnecting terrestrial/freshwater and marine systems, little is known about the profiles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in this area. In this study, characteristics of typical ARGs, involving both intracellular (iARGs) and extracellular ARGs (eARGs) at different physical states, were explored in over 1000 km of coastal mudflats in Eastern China. Results indicated the presence of iARGs and eARGs at states of both freely present or attached by particles. The abundance of eARGs was significantly higher than that of iARGs (87.3% vs 12.7%), and their dominance was more significant than those in other habitats (52.7%-76.3%). ARG abundance, especially for eARGs, showed an increasing trend (p < 0.05) from southern (Nantong) to northern (Lianyungang) coastal mudflats. Higher salinity facilitated the transformation from iARGs to eARGs, and smaller soil particle size was conducive to the persistence of eARGs in northern coastal mudflats. This study addresses the neglected function of coastal mudflats as eARGs reservoirs.     

国家环境可持续能力的评价研究:环境可持续性指数2005

由美国耶鲁大学和哥伦比亚大学合作开发的环境可持续指数（Environmental Sustainability Index，ESI）可用以衡量一个国家或地区能为其后代人保持良好环境状态的能力，也可考虑作为环境决策的基础之一。其研究处在现有环境可持续指标体系研究的国际前沿水平。本文简介了ESI的进展与内涵；阐述了2005ESI的指标设置、方法学及其改进；列举了2005ESI用于146个国家或地区环境可持续性的测试结果及其政策建议，分析了中国得分很低的原因，最后，概要评述了ESI的特点和进一步发展方向。