基于SIL评估的LNG加气站安全仪表系统问题分析及改进建议

为分析LNG加气站安全仪表系统的功能完备性与可靠性,以3座典型的三级LNG加气站为研究对象,全面开展安全仪表功能辨识、安全完整性等级(SIL)定级与验证,进而提出针对性的改进建议.结果表明:3座LNG加气站的安全仪表系统均存在功能不完备、设备组件缺少失效数据的问题;为满足风险控制要求,三级LNG加气站需设置15个安全仪...     

论地膜污染与防治对策

随着地膜覆盖栽培年限的延长，由于残膜回收率低，土壤中残膜量逐步增加，造成地膜污染。通过分析地膜污染对环境和农作物产生的危害，对回收残膜存在的问题，总结出了防治地膜污染的对策与措施。     

MANAGEMENT OF INSTREAM FLOWS THROUGH RUNOFF DETENTION AND RETENTION1

ABSTRACT: The use of reservoirs and land treatments to manage streamflow for the maintenance or enhancement of instream flow values is a valid concept. Historically, large reservoirs have been used for flood control and water-supply regulation. Smaller structures have enjoyed widespread use for soil and water conservation in headwater areas. Where reservoir releases can be controlled, it is technically feasible to regulate flows for the enhancement of instream values. However, institutional and political obstacles may preclude the operation of some reservoirs for this purpose. Retention and detention structures and land treatments, implemented for soil and water conservation purposes, have often had favorable effects on the streamflow hydrograph. Decreases in peak flows and increases in low flows have been documented. Design concepts for runoff-control structures are discussed in relation to instream flow management objectives. Hydro-logic simulation is offered as a potential tool for project design and feasibility analysis.     

商业建筑室内VOCs污染及其控制策略

分析了商业建筑室内挥发性有机化合物 (VOCs)的来源 ,阐明了防治VOCs的方法并提出了控制VOCs对策。     

我国沿海地区水污染区域治理探讨

本文分析了我国当前水污染区域治理的难度，沿海地区水污染的主要问题，探讨了污染区域治理的基本原则，提出了水污染治理的重点区域和水污染区域治理的主要途径，并以浑河流域沈阳地区２０００年水污染物总量控制为例，概述总量控制方法和目标     

灌区河道串联闸群防洪优化调度

针对河道串联闸群防洪优化调度的特点,详细推导了河道串联闸群防洪调度的洪水演算公式,明确了关键计算环节,建立了串联闸群防洪优化调度模型,应用水力学圣维南四点隐式差分法和遗传算法相结合对模型进行求解。采用VB6.0开发了人机交互的闸群防洪调度系统。通过实例计算,验证了河道串联闸群防洪优化调度方案的合理性,可为河道串联闸群防洪调度提供参考。     

Effect of ozone injection on the long-term performance and microbial community structure of a VOCs biofilter

For biofilters treating waste gases containing volatile organic compounds(VOCs), biomass accumulation is a common problem which will induce bed clogging and significant decrease in VOCs removal efficiency during long-term operation. In this study, ozone injection was developed as a biomass control strategy, and its effects on the biofilter performance and the microbial community structure were investigated in long-term operation. Two biofilters,identified as BF1 and BF2, were operated continuously for 160 days treating gaseous toluene under the same conditions, except that 200 mg/m3 ozone was continuously injected into BF1 during days 45–160. During the operation period, ozone injection did not change the toluene removal efficiency, while the pressure drop of BF1 with ozone injection was significantly lowered compared with BF2. The wet biomass accumulation rate of BF1 was 11 g/m~3/hr, which was only46% of that in BF2. According to the carbon balance result, ozone injection also increased the toluene mineralization rate from 83% to 91%, which could be an important reason for the low biomass accumulation. The PMA-q PCR result indicated that ozone injection increased the microbial viability of the biofilm. The high-throughput sequencing result also revealed that the dominant phyla and genera were not changed significantly by ozone injection, but some ozonetolerant genera such as Rhodanobacter, Dokdonella and Rhodococcus were enhanced by ozone exposure. All the results verified that ozone injection is capable of sustaining the long-term performance of biofilters by lowering the biomass accumulation, increasing the microbial viability and changing the microbial community structure.     

海洋病毒--一种新的、潜力巨大的赤潮防治工具

概述了海洋病毒尤其是藻类病毒(包括原核藻类病毒和真核藻类病毒)的研究进展,以及赤潮发生的新态势和目前赤潮防治方法的不足,评析了海洋病毒与赤潮生物的关系,介绍了藻类病毒在赤潮控制方面所取得的一些成果,强调了海洋病毒在生态环境中的重要作用,提出了利用病毒防治赤潮的可能性及有效性,展望了以病毒调控赤潮的前景.参54     

基于控制单元划分的大辽河流域污染物空间分布及来源解析

为明确大辽河流域污染物特征及污染物来源,建立“流域—控制单元—行政区”空间拓扑关系,对2019年大辽河流域国控断面水质情况、各控制单元内污染物入河量及空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明：1）大辽河流域28个水质监测断面中,逐月水质均能达到《水污染防治行动计划》中考核目标的占29%,超标污染物以COD、NH₃-N为主,超标断面中,COD、NH₃-N主要来源为城镇生活源、农村生活源和分散式畜禽养殖,TP主要来源于不同土地利用类型污染源和城镇生活源;2）2019年COD、NH₃-N、TN、TP污染物入河量分别为59 195.5、3 115.5、18 229.7、538.3 t/a,从污染源贡献上看,总体呈现为城镇生活源>农村生活源>分散式畜禽养殖污染源>不同土地利用类型（含林地、草地、耕地、城镇用地）污染源>工业源>规模化畜禽养殖污染源;3）污染物入河量空间分布均呈现中部>西南部>东北部,其中控制单元C3、C6、C8、C11、C13、C15、C17是重点管控单元,以上重点管控单元中,COD、NH₃-N、TN、TP污染物入河量贡献率分别为68%、73%、77%、72%;4）污染物入河量估算结果与通量模拟值之间误差均小于20%,可用于研究区范围内污染负荷估算。

     

欧盟最佳可行技术（BAT）实施经验及其启示

为了全面提高环境技术管理水平,我国“十一五”启动了一批BAT指南编制试点工作。针对我国已经开展部分BAT工作存在调研工作量大、收集技术信息不全面、缺乏有效的创新技术推广机制、筛选BAT不能很好引导技术发展方向的问题,详细分析了欧盟BAT含义、BAT参考文件作用、BAT实施过程以及信息交流机制,总结了欧盟BAT在法律法规中的地位、技术信息来源的方式、技术筛选的方法以及对新技术的激励机制方面的实施经验,指出我国BAT体系建设亟待建立BAT推广应用的法律基础、技术信息交流平台、技术工作组和专家组以及促进新技术发展的验证评估机制,从而实现BAT对环境管理的技术支撑作用。