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101.
福建东山岛西埔湾港养生物资源的开发利用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在研究东山岛西埔湾港养生物资源及其开发现状的基础上,指出资源种类逐年减少,年渔获量急剧下降,渔获个体趋于小型化,资源已明显衰退。作者认为过度捕捞是导致西埔湾总渔获量下降的最主要因素。为了保护资源和提高渔获量,必须控制捕捞力量,改善港养环境条件,并采取季节性开闸纳苗和放流增殖措施。 相似文献
102.
常规兵器三综合环境试验技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对温度-湿度-振动综合试验过程中的环境应力故障分析、试验标准剪裁、试验量值确定、试验设备及试验过程、试验结果评定等问题进行分析论述,分析结果对温度-湿度-振动综合试验设备选型和温度-湿度-振动综合试验具有参考价值。 相似文献
103.
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105.
The life cycle of rice: LCA of alternative agri-food chain management systems in Vercelli (Italy) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Vercelli rice district in northern Italy plays a key role in the agri-food industry in a country which accounts for more than 50% of the EU rice production and exports roughly 70%. However, although wealth and jobs are created, the sector is said to be responsible for environmental impacts that are increasingly being perceived as topical. As a complex and comprehensive environmental evaluation is necessary to understand and manage the environmental impact of the agri-food chain, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology has been applied to the rice production system: from the paddy field to the supermarket. The LCA has pointed out the magnitude of impact per kg of delivered white milled rice: a CO2eq emission of 2.9 kg, a primary energy consumption of 17.8 MJ and the use of 4.9 m3 of water for irrigation purposes. Improvement scenarios have been analysed considering alternative rice farming and food processing methods, such as organic and upland farming, as well as parboiling. The research has shown that organic and upland farming have the potential to decrease the impact per unit of cultivated area. However, due to the lower grain yields, the environmental benefits per kg of the final products are greatly reduced in the case of upland rice production and almost cancelled for organic rice. LCA has proved to be an effective tool for understanding the eco-profile of Italian rice and should be used for transparent and credible communication between suppliers and their customers. 相似文献
106.
We report on trends in agricultural pesticide use from1970 to 1995 inclusive in arable crops on the SouthDowns, West Sussex, U.K. Information is given on theproportion of cropped area treated with pesticides,the percentage spray area, the number of pesticideapplications per field, and the number of compoundsapplied per field for herbicides, foliar fungicidesand insecticides. Compared to national publishedfigures, our data are broadly representative of thenational picture; they provide a complete and detailedtime series whereas national figures are available foronly 7 out of the 26 yr. In general, the areatreated (fungicides, insecticides) and the intensityof use (all three types of pesticide) increased overthe 26 yr. The spectrum of activity of theherbicides applied to arable crops increased from anaverage of 22 weed taxa susceptible in 1970 to 38 weedtaxa susceptible in 1995. The odds on herbicide andfungicide use in break crops were, respectively, 93%and 99% lower than average; odds on insecticide usein spring cereals were 98% lower than average. Comparing winter wheat on the most traditional farm(grass/cereal rotation) with the most modern one(monoculture winter wheat), the proportion of fieldstreated with herbicides was similar, but the odds onbeing treated with fungicides were 129% higher on themodern farm. Insecticides were used in only 2% ofthe fields on the traditional farm, while on themodern farm over the same time period, 79% of thefields were treated. This fits previously observeddifferences in wildlife abundance on the two farms. 相似文献
107.
Zhang Juntao & Li Jin School of Public Administration Dongbei University of Finance Economics Dalian China 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2004,2(3)
The vulnerable eco-area is one of the important research targets in the field of sustainable development. It is the requirement of building a well-off society in an all-round way that we should study more on the vulnerable eco-areas, deal with the relationship between environmental protection and economic development, speed up the economic development in these areas and increase the living standard of the local people. This paper puts forward the countermeasures of environment---economy coordination, on the basis of the recognition of eco-environment features and social economic conditions in the vulnerable eco-areas of China, in view of the progress in sustainable development studies of the vulnerable ones, taking the transitional areas of farming and pasturing in northeast China as an example to study the regional environment vulnerability. 相似文献
108.
以滇西北高原湖泊剑湖为研究区,1974—2015年间8期遥感影像为数据源,运用遥感和地理信息系统技术,研究剑湖湖泊近40年间的时空演变过程,探析剑湖湖泊的入湖污染物及其生态环境效应变化。结果表明:近40年来剑湖湖泊面积呈现先明显减少再增加后缓慢减少的变化规律,由1974年的504.47 hm~2减至2015年的451.72 hm~2;目前剑湖水体中COD含量较低,符合地表水环境质量Ⅱ类标准;TP含量满足Ⅲ类标准;TN含量仅可满足IV类标准;剑湖入湖的主要污染源是农村生活污染和农业面源污染;随着时间的演变剑湖湖泊TN、TP污染物浓度呈上升趋势,剑湖湖泊生态系统受到极大干扰。 相似文献
109.
为克服陶瓷微滤膜净化微污染水体时产水量不高、通量衰减迅速的难题,采用磁絮凝预处理工艺延缓陶瓷膜的污染。对比了磁絮凝预处理与传统絮凝预处理对陶瓷微滤膜膜污染的影响,结果显示:磁絮凝预处理后陶瓷膜的稳定产水量高于传统絮凝预处理,验证了磁絮凝预处理工艺延缓膜污染的可行性。同时,研究了跨膜压差和膜面流速对2种组合工艺膜通量的影响,结果表明:随着跨膜压差和膜面流速的增加,膜通量均提高但增幅逐渐放缓,其优化运行参数如下:跨膜压差为0.20 MPa,膜面流速为2.0 m/s。 相似文献
110.
以某铅蓄电池厂污染场地5个铅污染区域(WS、A、B、C及BZ)的土壤为研究对象,对土壤中铅全量及各形态含量进行分析.在0.1 mol.L-1EDTA,30 min,25℃相同条件下,使用超声波辅助化学洗脱(ultrasonic-assisted chemical extraction,UCE)与传统化学洗脱(conventional chemical extraction,CCE)两种不同的作用方式,对铅的去除效率进行比较,并对两种不同清洗方式后铅的形态变化进行了探讨.结果表明,UCE对铅的去除效率显著优于CCE.在CCE作用下,5份污染土壤WS、A、B、C、BZ铅的去除效率依次为10.06%、48.29%、48.69%、53.28%及36.26%,而UCE作用下铅的去除效率依次为22.42%、69.31%、71.00%、74.49%及71.58%,平均效率高出22%.通过对比两种清洗方式后土壤中的铅形态发现,酸可提取态在UCE作用后持平或有所降低,但CCE后使酸溶态有增高的趋势;对于铁锰氧化态,UCE对其有着极好的去除能力,可达98%左右,同时对有机物及硫化物结合态、残渣态也具有较好的去除能力.因此,UCE在化学萃取中的应用具有一定的可行性,是一种简单、极快速去除污染场地中重金属铅的增效手段. 相似文献