折线法和滚球法确定避雷针保护范围的安全性分析

概述了如何利用折线法和滚球法确定避雷针保护范围 ,并通过分析对比两者的安全性 ,提出了必须具体问题具体对待才能做到安全防雷     

仪表控制与空气分离生产安全的探讨

在传统生产中,人们往往忽略仪器对安全的作用,简述仪器在空气分离生产中的应用及作用.     

Effects of Detectability on Estimates of Geographic Range Size in Bignonieae

Abstract: Extinction risk has not been evaluated for 96% of all described plant species. Given that the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation proposes preliminary conservation assessments of all described plant species by 2010, herbarium specimens (i.e., primary occurrence data) are increasingly being used to infer threat components from estimates of geographic range size. Nevertheless, estimates of range size based on herbarium data may be inaccurate due to collection bias associated with interspecific variation in detectability. We used data on 377 species of Bignonieae to test the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between detectability and estimates of geographic range size derived from herbarium specimens. This relationship is expected if the proportion of the true geographic range size of a species that is documented by herbarium specimens is given by the product of the true geographic range size and the detectability of the species, assuming no relationship between true geographic range size and detectability. We developed 4 measures of detectability that can be estimated from herbarium data and examined the relationship between detectability and 2 types of estimates of geographic range size: area of occupancy and extent of occurrence. Our results from regressing estimates of extent of occurrence and area of occupancy on detectability across genera provided no support for this hypothesis. The same was true for regressions of estimated extent of occurrence on detectability across species within genera. Nevertheless, regressions of estimated area of occupancy on detectability across species within genera provided partial support for our hypothesis. We considered 3 possible explanations for this mixed outcome: violation of the assumption of no relationship between true geographic range size and detectability; the relationships between estimated geographic range size and detectability may be an artifact of a negative relationship between estimated area of occupancy and the sampling variance of detectability; detectability may have had 2 opposite effects on estimated species range sizes: one determines the proportion of the true range of a species documented by herbarium specimens and the other determines the distribution of true range size for the species actually observed with herbarium data. Our findings should help improve understanding of the potential biases incurred with the use of herbarium data.     

The inertial range “outer scale” and optical turbulence

The crucial parameter used to calculate turbulence effects upon light waves propagating through the atmosphere is known as the structure constant, . As Tatarski has shown, this parameter depends upon the “outer scale” of the inertial sub-range of the turbulence. Recently there have been successful predictions of astronomical “seeing” conditions at Mauna Kea Astronomical Observatory which have increased interest in this subject and in the use of the so-called “Dewan Optical Turbulence Model”. In the case of the Air Force, there has been a longstanding need for such optical turbulence prediction, especially in the stratosphere. In the past researchers have used a relation due to Tatarski, (which plays a prominent role in this model) in order to deduce values of the “outer scale” from measurements. When doing this, they have been surprised to find values very much smaller than expected. The goal of the paper is to explain this unexpected result. As we will show, this result can be explained by two factors: (a) the average turbulent layer thicknesses are smaller than originally believed, and, more importantly, (b) only a minor fraction of the stratosphere is turbulent. In order to arrive at this conclusion, we used the high-resolution (10 m) wind profiles that were originally used to formulate the previously mentioned optical turbulence model. The U.S. Government’s right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged.     

次氯酸钠处理终冷水中氰化物硫化物的研究

以次氯酸钠为氧化剂,用正交实验研究了次氯酸钠处理终冷水中氰化物和硫化物,得出正交实验中各因素的主次关系及对除氰除硫的影响。研究结果表明,反应体系的pH是影响脱氰脱硫的重要因素。在最佳处理条件,即pH为10．0,反应温度为25℃,投氯量系数为1．4,反应时间为45min．能使氰化物的质量浓度降至0．267mg／L,脱氰率高达99．8％,硫化物的质量浓度降到0．387mg／L,脱硫率达92．0％,达到≤0．5mg／L的国家排放标准。文章还对工业化提出了一些设想。     

C9-AA水溶性石油树脂的制备及其阻垢性能

以乙烯生产过程中的副产物C9馏分和丙烯酸为原料,采用自由基溶液聚合,合成具有阻垢性能的C9-AA水溶性石油树脂。考察了引发剂AIBN和溶剂的加入量、C9-AA加入量、Ca^2＋浓度、循环冷却水pH和养护时间对C9-AA水溶性石油树脂阻垢性能的影响,并对其阻垢效果进行了评价。在Ca^2＋质量浓度小于或等于600mg／L、循环冷却水pH小于或等于9．3、C9-AA水溶性石油树脂加入量大于或等于15mg／L的条件下,C9—AA水溶性石油树脂对循环冷却水的阻垢率达到90％以上,其有效作用时间为60h。     

反渗透工艺处理回用循环水排污水技术工业应用

采用反渗透工艺处理火电厂循环冷却水排污水,作为循环水补充水和锅炉补给水,具有显著的经济效益和环境效益。     

羟胺/EDTA协同强化芬顿反应的机理与动力学

经典芬顿反应(Fe²⁺/H₂O₂)在实际水处理中存在pH响应范围窄、亚铁盐投加量大和铁泥产量高等技术瓶颈问题。改用乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)络合的亚铁离子(Fe²⁺-EDTA)做引发剂后,pH响应范围明显扩大,然而也引入了有机二次污染,同时提高了溶解铁的去除难度。在Fe²⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂体系中投加还原性的羟胺(HA),可将失活的Fe³⁺-EDTA转化成具有活性的Fe²⁺-EDTA,从而实现低铁投加量/低EDTA投加量条件下有机污染物的消除。结果表明：以伊文思蓝为模型污染物,HA/EDTA/芬顿体系的pH范围可扩大至7.0~9.0;铁离子和EDTA的最佳投料比为1∶1,H₂O₂的最佳投加量为0.5 mmol∙L⁻¹,HA的最佳投加量为0.1 mmol∙L⁻¹; HA/EDTA/芬顿体系中主要的活性物质为羟基自由基(·OH);苯基甲基亚砜(PMSO)的降解路径分析则证明了新体系中高价铁(Fe^IV)几乎不起任何作用。以上结果表明,将羟胺引入EDTA/芬顿体系后可同步降低铁离子与络合剂的使用量,故此体系改变了络合剂强化的芬顿反应中药剂投加量过大与后续铁离子不好处置的问题,可为进一步拓展芬顿反应的应用范围提供参考。     

环保型开式吸附制冷系统的实验研究

采用氯化锂除湿转轮，对环保型开式吸附空调制冷系统进行了实验研究。实验证明，该空调制冷系统可用９０ ～１００ ℃的热源作动力，制冷效率可以超过４０ ％ 。这样，利用太阳能或工业余热就可以驱动该制冷系统，减少常规压缩式制冷产生的氟里昂及热岛对空气的污染。本文取得的实验数据为环保型开式吸附空调制冷系统的中试设计提供了可靠依据。     

冷却塔噪声治理途径

本文综述了冷却塔噪声治理的主要进展。通过对冷却塔噪声的分析，提出了冷却塔噪声治理的途径。