空调冷却塔水与空气军团菌的PCR方法快速检测

应用 Enviro Amp PCR-反向杂交法(涉及 5S rRNA基因和 mip基因 )和半巢式 PCR(涉及 16S rRNA基因 )成功检测人工气溶胶化的军团菌 ,这些方法进一步用于检测空调系统冷却塔的水及由其产生的气溶胶中的军团菌 ,从空气样品中检测到军团菌属及嗜肺军团菌 .检测的冷却塔水样品 100%含军团菌属细菌 ,其中 41.6%含嗜肺军团菌 .2种方法相比 ,半巢式 PCR法更经济、方便 .     

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol with a novel TiO2/Ti-Fe-graphite felt photoelectrocatalytic oxidation process

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP)was studied in a novel three-electrode photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)integrative oxidation process,and the factors influencing the degradation rate,such as applied current,flow speed of O_2,pH,adscititious voltage and initial 2,4-DCP concentration were investigated and optimized.H_2O_2 was produced nearby cathode and Fe~(2 )continuously generated from Fe anode in solution when current and O_2 were applied,so,main reactions,H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC oxidation and E-Fenton reaction,occurred during degradation of 2,4-DCP in this integrative system.The degradation ratio of 2,4-DCP was 93% in this integrative oxidation process,while it was only 31% in E-Fenton process and 46% in H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC process.So,it revealed that the degradation of 2,4-DCP was improved greatly by photoelectrical cooperation effect.By the investigation of pH,it showed that this integrative process could work well in a wide pH range from pH 3 to pH 9.     

基于全生命周期评价理论的EREV/BEV/ICEV环境效益及减碳经济性评估

为完善增程式电动汽车（Extended range electric vehicle,EREV）全生命周期环境影响和经济效益评价研究,对EREV、纯电动汽车（Battery electric vehicle,BEV）和内燃机汽车（Internal combustion engine vehicle,ICEV）进行了对比分析.基于生命周期评价理论和生命周期成本分析方法,构建了车辆生命周期资源消耗、能源消耗、环境影响和成本评价模型,针对不同汽车各阶段材料消耗、能源消耗和环境排放三大特性,识别EREV、BEV和ICEV的环境负荷差异,并从初始购置成本、使用维护成本和报废回收成本3个方面评价了EREV、BEV和ICEV的生命周期成本差异.综合碳排放特性和经济属性,进一步提出减碳经济性评价指标,科学评价EREV和BEV的环境效益和减碳经济性,并讨论了不同电力结构下EREV、BEV和ICEV的生命周期温室气体排放情况和减碳经济性变化.对增程式电动汽车进行全生命周期内综合评价研究,进一步明确EREV在多种能源类型汽车技术路线中的环境效益和减碳经济性.结果表明,相比于ICEV,BEV和EREV在运行使...     

机械行业含油污水处理方法的探讨

以机械行业的常见含润滑剂冷却废油污水为例 ,介绍了该污水产生的特点 ;絮凝法处理该含油污水的工艺及其处理效果。     

Cooling water use patterns at US nonutility electric generating facilities

Cooling water is used by many industrial facilities. The largest user of cooling water is the electric power industry, although other significant users include the pulp and paper, chemical, iron and steel, aluminum, and petroleum refining industries. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently developing regulations to implement section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act, which deals with cooling water intake structures. The EPA will examine cooling water use patterns at various industries. Data pertaining to cooling water use patterns at utility plants are readily available; however, no information has been assembled for cooling water use at electric power generating facilities owned or operated by entities other than utilities (nonutilities). This paper presents data concerning cooling water use from two subsets of the nonutility sector and focuses on plants using once-through cooling systems. The first subset includes 123 nonutility plants that each generate at least 150 MW of power. Collectively, they represent 41,494 MW of generating capacity, or about 56% of the total nonutility generating capacity. Approximately 17% of the installations within that subset utilize once-through cooling water. The second subset includes 58 waste-to-energy facilities, which individually produce less than 80 MW but collectively generate about 2200 MW. Only 11% of this subset of plants uses once-through cooling water. The total 15,372 MW generated by once-through nonutilities is equivalent to only 6% of the 258,906 MW generated by utilities utilizing once-through cooling. From a national perspective this share may appear relatively insignificant. However, in some states, the nonutility once-through total is equivalent to a more significant percentage of the utility once-through total.     

石油化工再生水回用时微生物的控制

研究了石化再生水回用于循环冷却水时微生物的控制，结果表明：再生水和自来水循环运行时，微生物的控制无显著差异；投加目前国内常用的杀菌剂：优氯净、“１２２７”和异噻唑啉酮，就能达到微生物控制的要求；ＣＯＤ不是细菌控制的关键因子。     

城市污水回用于电厂循环冷却用水的试验研究

根据阜新市城市污水厂具体的实际情况,结合火力发电厂循环冷却水的水质要求,拟定了微絮凝及纤维球过滤处理工艺,并经过模拟试验验证的方法,证明其工艺的合理性和实用性,有助于城市污水处理后回用于发电厂循环冷却水的工程实际.     

石化废水回用工程方案设计初探

石化废水经处理后回用于循环冷却水补充水不仅能降低污染物的排放量,而且还能节省大量工业用水,具有较大的经济效益和环境效益.工程设计时针对进水水质特点及出水要求,对废水常规处理工艺及后续的深度处理工艺方案进行了比较选择,确定了一条合理的处理工艺路线.废水经合适的一级预处理、二级生化处理及三级深度处理后,大部分污染物质可以被去除,出水能够回用于循环冷却水的补充水.     

高炉炉体密闭循环系统软化水水处理技术

介绍了高炉炉体循环冷却系统改造后，为防止软化水水质失去稳定，进而对循环系统、设备造成腐蚀，故采用向循环冷却系统中投加水稳药剂的处理技术。通过实验室试验和实际生产调试，软化水系统运行良好。这是从源头解决了高炉循环冷却的水质稳定问题，实现了密闭冷却循环，并取得了经验。     

流化床锅炉溢流渣余热回收和冷渣的综合利用

介绍了流化床锅炉溢流渣余热利用和冷渣变废为宝的途径。