燃煤发电厂烟塔合一环境影响之一——烟气抬升高度的对比计算

介绍了德国导则规范的计算冷却塔排放烟气抬升高度的S/P模式.利用S/P模式做不同大气稳定度条件下不同环境风速的烟气抬升对比计算;确定了同等条件下不同烟气排放速度对烟气抬升高度的影响.作为对比,计算了同样烟气排放量情况下通过烟囱排放烟气的抬升高度.计算结果表明,在弱风状况下从冷却塔排放的烟气由于热力作用其抬升高度比从烟囱排放显著提高.个例计算结果表明,在极不稳定状况下,当风速大于4.5m/s时,冷却塔排放烟气抬升高度低于烟囱排放烟气.      

Hydroxyl carboxylate based non-phosphorus corrosion inhibition process for reclaimed water pipeline and downstream recirculating cooling water system

A combined process was developed to inhibit the corrosion both in the pipeline of reclaimed water supplies (PRWS) and in downstream recirculating cooling water systems (RCWS) using the reclaimed water as makeup. Hydroxyl carboxylate-based corrosion inhibitors (e.g., gluconate, citrate, tartrate) and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, which provided Zn^2 + as a synergistic corrosion inhibition additive, were added prior to the PRWS when the phosphate (which could be utilized as a corrosion inhibitor) content in the reclaimed water was below 1.7 mg/L, and no additional corrosion inhibitors were required for the downstream RCWS. Satisfactory corrosion inhibition was achieved even if the RCWS was operated under the condition of high numbers of concentration cycles. The corrosion inhibition requirement was also met by the appropriate combination of PO₄^3 − and Zn^2 + when the phosphate content in the reclaimed water was more than 1.7 mg/L. The process integrated not only water reclamation and reuse, and the operation of a highly concentrated RCWS, but also the comprehensive utilization of phosphate in reclaimed water and the application of non-phosphorus corrosion inhibitors. The proposed process reduced the operating cost of the PRWS and the RCWS, and lowered the environmental hazard caused by the excessive discharge of phosphate. Furthermore, larger amounts of water resources could be conserved as a result.     

Home range overlap of mothers and their offspring in the sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa

This paper reports a field investigation of interactions between juveniles and their mothers in the Australian sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa. In their first spring season, juvenile lizards maintain home ranges largely within the home range of their mother. Juvenile home ranges are significantly smaller than those of adult males and females, and juveniles move significantly less often and significantly shorter distances than adults. While siblings were never found together in the spring, they showed a significant tendency to be closer to each other than if they were randomly located in their home ranges. Juveniles and mothers were never found together, nor was there any evidence for any positive (or negative) spatial association. Nevertheless, the extended tolerance of home range overlap represents a greater degree of mother-offspring association than has been previously reported for other lizards. Despite this, the level of parental care can only be described as minimal. Received: 20 June 1997 / Accepted after revision: 29 December 1997     

阿图什市不同类型的炉灶及能源消耗现状调查评价

对不同类型的炉灶煤耗及污染物的排放量进行了定量计算,在大量的统计资料及监测数据的基础上,分析阿图什市各类型炉灶燃煤及污染物排放的情况,并通过定量计算进行了探讨,提出相关的对策和建议.     

某厂煤气洗涤塔煤气泄漏中毒事故分析

针对某钢铁厂煤气事故,使用定性分析的方法,对喷淋塔泄水作业的试验数据进行了分析,煤气泄漏造成人员中毒原因进行了论证,得出了一些结论,并据此分析煤气泄漏后可能导致人员死亡的范围,为今后采取控制措施提供依据。     

基于改进模拟退火算法的社会力量救灾派遣模型

为提高社会救援力量参与救灾的效率,针对社会力量参与灾后救援的派遣问题,提出最优化派遣模型及其求解算法.根据"量力而行、就近就便"等原则,综合考虑社会力量的救援技能掌握程度和灾区的救援需求情况,将最大化救援效益作为目标函数,以抵达灾区时间和救灾经济成本作为约束条件建立模型;采用模拟退火算法对模型进行求解,根据模型改进Me...     

供热、供冷方式的选择及其对环境影响的评价分析

系统论述目前常见的供热方式(热产联产、区域锅炉房、家中独立热源等)和供冷方式(中压缩制冷和溴化锂吸收式制冷)的特点及其对环境的影响,阐明了选择供热、供冷方式应遵循的原则,并提出一些个人建议。     

Spatial memory, habitat auto-facilitation and the emergence of fractal home range patterns

Animals interact with their habitat in a manner which involves both negative and positive feedback mechanisms. We apply a specific modeling approach, “multi-scaled random walk”, for the scenario where a spatially explicit positive feedback process emerges from a combination of a spatial memory-dependent tendency to return to familiar patches and a consequently objective or subjective improvement of the quality of these patches (habitat auto-facilitation). In addition to the potential for local resource improvement from physically altering a patch, primarily known from the ecology of grazing ungulates, auto-facilitation from site fidelity may also embed more subtle subjective, individual-specific advantages from patch familiarity. Under the condition of resource superabundance, fitness gain from intra-home range patch fidelity creates a self-reinforcing use of the preferred patches on expense of a broader foraging in a priori equally favorable patches. Through this process, our simulations show that a spatially fractal dispersion of accumulated locations of the individual will emerge under the given model assumptions. Based on a conjecture that intra-home range patch fidelity depends on spatial memory we apply the multi-scaled random walk model to construct a spatially explicit habitat suitability parameter H_ij, which quantifies the dispersion of the generally most constraining resource from the individual's perspective. An intra-home range set of observed H-scores, H_obs, can then be estimated from a simple 2-scale calculation that is derived from the local dispersion of fixes. We show how the spatially explicit habitat utilization index H_obs not necessarily correlates positively with the local density fluctuations of fixes. The H-index solves some well-known problems from using the pattern of local densities of telemetry fixes - the classic utilization distribution - as a proxy variable for relative intra-home range habitat quality and resource selection. A pilot study on a set of telemetry fixes collected from a herd of free-ranging domestic sheep with overlapping summer home ranges illustrates how the H-index may be estimated and interpreted as a first-level approach towards a more extensive analysis of intra-home range habitat resource availability and patch preferences. Spatial memory in combination with site fidelity requires a modeling framework that explicitly describes the property of positive feedback mechanism under auto-facilitation in a spatio-temporally explicit manner.     

烟塔合一排放参数试验及特征

在电厂典型工况条件下,测试烟塔排放口及塔体内部混合烟气的流速、温度、气压和相对湿度等参数的分布. 结果表明:在烟塔排放口和塔体内部,混合烟气各参数的分布均是非均匀的. 烟塔排放口处各参数水平分布均为中心处高、边缘处低;2月17,21和22日烟塔排放口处混合烟气的平均流速分别为2.8,3.1和2.9 m/s,总平均流速为2.9 m/s;3 d平均温度分别为13.1,13.4和13.2 ℃,总平均温度为13.2 ℃;3 d平均相对湿度分别为94.1%,87.8%和90.3%,总平均相对湿度为90.7%. 塔体内部混合烟气各参数垂直分布规律为:温度、气压和相对湿度均为烟塔中心处高、边缘处低,但流速分布不同,在塔体上部流速分布呈中心处高、边缘处低,而下部则相反.      

基于惰化降温耦合作用的采空区低温CO2注入位置研究

为了更好的使用低温CO2预防采空区煤自燃事故,利用FLUENT数值模拟的方法,结合宣东二号煤矿Ⅲ3煤层209工作面的实际条件,构建了考虑采空区不同压实程度的低温CO2注入采空区惰化降温耦合作用数值计算模型;分别研究了CO2注入量为540m3/h和720m3/h时,不同注入位置对采空区氧化带内最高温度点和氧化带宽度变化的影响。研究表明,合理的低温CO2注入位置为距工作面支架尾梁20～30m。