Trait groups as management entities in a complex,multispecies reef fishery

Localized stressors compound the ongoing climate-driven decline of coral reefs, requiring natural resource managers to work with rapidly shifting paradigms. Trait-based adaptive management (TBAM) is a new framework to help address changing conditions by choosing and implementing management actions specific to species groups that share key traits, vulnerabilities, and management responses. In TBAM maintenance of functioning ecosystems is balanced with provisioning for human subsistence and livelihoods. We first identified trait-based groups of food fish in a Pacific coral reef with hierarchical clustering. Positing that trait-based groups performing comparable functions respond similarly to both stressors and management actions, we ascertained biophysical and socioeconomic drivers of trait-group biomass and evaluated their vulnerabilities with generalized additive models. Clustering identified 7 trait groups from 131 species. Groups responded to different drivers and displayed divergent vulnerabilities; human activities emerged as important predictors of community structuring. Biomass of small, solitary reef-associated species increased with distance from key fishing ports, and large, solitary piscivores exhibited a decline in biomass with distance from a port. Group biomass also varied in response to different habitat types, the presence or absence of reported dynamite fishing activity, and exposure to wave energy. The differential vulnerabilities of trait groups revealed how the community structure of food fishes is driven by different aspects of resource use and habitat. This inherent variability in the responses of trait-based groups presents opportunities to apply selective TBAM strategies for complex, multispecies fisheries. This approach can be widely adjusted to suit local contexts and priorities.     

Applying assessments of adaptive capacity to inform natural-resource management in a changing climate

Adaptive capacity (AC)—the ability of a species to cope with or accommodate climate change—is a critical determinant of species vulnerability. Using information on species’ AC in conservation planning is key to ensuring successful outcomes. We identified connections between a list of species’ attributes (e.g., traits, population metrics, and behaviors) that were recently proposed for assessing species’ AC and management actions that may enhance AC for species at risk of extinction. Management actions were identified based on evidence from the literature, a review of actions used in other climate adaptation guidance, and our collective experience in diverse fields of global-change ecology and climate adaptation. Selected management actions support the general AC pathways of persist in place or shift in space, in response to contemporary climate change. Some actions, such as genetic manipulations, can be used to directly alter the ability of species to cope with climate change, whereas other actions can indirectly enhance AC by addressing ecological or anthropogenic constraints on the expression of a species’ innate abilities to adapt. Ours is the first synthesis of potential management actions directly linked to AC. Focusing on AC attributes helps improve understanding of how and why aspects of climate are affecting organisms, as well as the mechanisms by which management interventions affect a species’ AC and climate change vulnerability. Adaptive-capacity-informed climate adaptation is needed to build connections among the causes of vulnerability, AC, and proposed management actions that can facilitate AC and reduce vulnerability in support of evolving conservation paradigms.     

专用滚压成形设备设计中主要技术分析

介绍了专用滚压成形设备中滚轮及升降装置的设计 ,分析了其技术特点及可行性。     

有机紫外吸收剂在珊瑚礁区的污染特征及生态风险评价

有机紫外吸收剂是一类"准持久性"有机污染物,广泛存在于珊瑚礁区的各种环境介质中,并会对珊瑚健康产生威胁。近年来,随着珊瑚礁退化加重,珊瑚礁区有机紫外吸收剂污染问题逐渐受到重视。综述了近年来有机紫外吸收剂在全球不同珊瑚礁区水体、沉积物和珊瑚组织中的污染水平、时空分布特征,并评估了有机紫外吸收剂对珊瑚礁生态系统的危害程度。结果表明,每个海域的有机紫外吸收剂种类及浓度不尽相同,海水中的有机紫外吸收剂浓度总体处于ng/L至mg/L水平,并且近岸海域污染通常高于远岸海域污染,夏季污染通常高于其他季节污染。在二苯酮-1(BP-1)、二苯酮-3(BP-3)、二苯酮-8(BP-8)、对甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯(EHMC)、奥克立林(OC)等5种有机紫外吸收剂中,BP-3对珊瑚具有最大威胁,对88%以上的所调研珊瑚礁的珊瑚具有高生态风险,而BP-1、BP-8、EHMC、OC只在少部分珊瑚礁区对珊瑚具有中低生态风险。     

Sudden-onset disaster resilience considering functionality improvement planning: An upstream oil and gas company

The present paper presents a quantitative approach to evaluate organizational resilience in sudden-onset disasters considering preparedness actions (PAs). The resilience triangle concept is extended and gradual improvement of the level of functionality (LF) strategy is examined as PAs. Robustness and rapidity measures are considered as loss of LF and recovery time to indicate the overall disaster resilience. Besides, the resourcefulness and redundancy measures are considered pre-determined response plans and PAs aimed to improve disaster resilience. Two mathematical models are developed by applying these measures. Thereafter, graphical analytics are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of PAs and provide a better outlook for decision-makers. Then, mathematical analyses are conducted to show how the PAs affect resilience measures. It is mathematically proved that PAs exert considerable impacts on recovery time, loss of LF, and robustness. To illustrate the application of the proposed approach, it is applied to an upstream oil and gas company in the field of exploration and production. The results suggest that the approach is significantly effective in disaster response, planning, and mitigation.