合理利用农业资源，发展高产优质高效农业

根据我国农业资源特征，农业发展状况和市场需求。在分析发展高产优质高效农业的必要性和可能性的基础上，提出合理利用农业资源，发展高产优质高效农业的基本途径和主要对策。     

焚烧秸秆对城市空气质量的影响及对策

通过夏收季节农民焚烧秸秆的烟尘，引起对城市环境空气质量变化的分析，结果表明：焚烧秸秆对城市环境空气质量有很大影响，使环境空气质量明显下降，而主要污染物为可吸入颗粒物PM10。有关部门应采取有效措施，禁止焚烧秸秆，同时应积极为农民寻找合理利用秸秆的途径，减少对城市空气的烟尘污染。     

盐河淮阴区段水质污染现状评价及防治对策

水污染是困扰淮阴区工农业发展的问题之一。因此对盐河淮阴区段近几年来的水质状况进行了评价，分析了水体污染形成的原因及发展趋势，阐述了污染特征和程度，并提出了改善水环境的对策。     

ESPR subject area 5 ‘Environmental Microbiology, (Bio)Technologies, Health Issues’

Goal, Scope and Background  Aquaculture activities are well known to be the major contributor to the increasing level of organic waste and toxic compounds in the aquaculture industry. Along with the development of intensive aquaculture in China, concerns are evoked about the possible effects of everincreasing aquaculture waste both on productivity inside the aquaculture system and on the ambient aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, it is apparent that appropriate waste treatment processes are needed for sustaining aquaculture development. This review aims at identifying the current status of aquaculture and aquaculture waste production in China. Main Features  China is the world’s largest fishery nation in terms of total seafood production volume, a position it has maintained continuously since 1990. Freshwater aquaculture is a major part of the Chinese fishery industry. Marine aquaculture in China consists of both land-based and offshore aquaculture, with the latter mostly operated in shallow seas, mud flats and protected bays. The environmental impacts of aquaculture are also striking. Results  Case studies on pollution hot spots caused by aquaculture have been introduced. The quality and quantity of waste from aquaculture depends mainly on culture system characteristics and the choice of species, but also on feed quality and management. Wastewater without treatment, if continuously discharged into the aquatic environment, could result in remarkable elevation of the total organic matter contents and cause considerable economy lost. Waste treatments can be mainly classified into three categories: physical, chemical and biological methods. Discussion  The environmental impacts of different aquaculture species are not the same. New waste treatments are introduced as references for the potential development of the waste treatment system in China. The most appropriate waste treatment system for each site should be selected according to the sites’ conditions and financial status as well as by weighing the advantages and disadvantages of each system. Strategies and perspectives for sustainable aquaculture development are proposed, with the emphasis on environmental protection. Conclusions  Negative effects of waste from aquaculture to aquatic environment are increasingly recognized, though they were just a small proportion to land-based pollutants. Properly planned use of aquaculture waste alleviates water pollution problems and not only conserves valuable water resources but also takes advantage of the nutrients contained in effluent. It is highly demanding to develop sustainable aquaculture which keeps stocking density and pollution loadings under environmental capacity. Recommendations and Perspectives  The traditional procedures for aquaculture waste treatment, mainly based on physical and chemical means, should be overcome by more site-specific approaches, taking into account the characteristics and resistibility of the aquatic environment. Further research needs to improve or optimize the current methods of wastewater treatment and reuse. Proposed new treatment technology should evaluate their feasibility at a larger scale for practical application. ESS-Submission Editor: Dr. Ding Wang (wangd@ihb.ac.cn)     

海蜇加工对环境的污染与防治对策

依据调查数据,揭示了海蜇加工污染现状,分析了海蜇加工对当地土壤和地下水的污染及危害程度。结合实际,提出了防治海蜇加工对环境污染的对策。     

浅析输气管线敷设过程中对生态环境的影响与防治对策

为研究输气管线在敷设过程中对生态环境的影响,通过定量的预测八屋至长春的输气管线在施工期对管线所经过区域的土壤环境、农业生产、动植物生态环境产生的影响,对输气管线敷设可能引起生态环境的改变进行了分析。结果表明：输气管线在敷设过程中虽然对区域土壤环境有所影响,从而对当地的农业生产造成一定影响,但这些影响主要集中在施工期,且施工期的影响是暂时的,可恢复的,对管线所经过区域的生态环境影响不明显,生态系统仍具有相对的稳定性。     

环境痕量污染物及其防控对策

随着工业化、城市化发展,越来越多的各种人造化学品被释放到环境中来,引发以POPs,PTS,PBT,EDCs等痕量污染物为主要特征的第三代环境问题。本文从环境科学的角度提出一个新的环境管理概念——环境痕量污染物（ETPs）,并分析ETPs的污染特征来形成新的环境管理领域,并提出中国ETPs防控的若干对策,为解决中国经济社会发展中出现新的突出的环境问题提供指导。     

宜昌市工业企业循环经济发展现状及对策

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牛栏江-滇池补水工程流域水污染主要来源初探

根据2002～2008年连续7a牛栏江流域（昆明段）河道和流域库区水质现状监测结果,对牛栏江-滇池补水工程流域的水环境质量现状进行了调查分析,初步探讨了流域水污染的主要来源,由此提出水污染防治的对策措施与建议。     

陕北竞技体育人力资源现状与开发对策研究

采用文献资料法,问卷调查法,统计法,从"省运会"、"全运会"、"国际大赛"3个层面,对陕北竞技体育的实力现状进行分析;从数量和质量两个角度探讨陕北竞技体育人力资源的乐观面与存在的问题,提出开发人力资源的对策.