A pattern of contractor selection for oil and gas industries in a safety approach using ANP-DEMATEL in a Grey environment

Contractor selection is one of the major concerns of industry managers such as those in the oil industry. The objective of this study was to determine a contractor selection pattern for oil and gas industries in a safety approach. Assessment of contractors based on specific criteria and ultimately selecting an eligible contractor preserves the organizational resources. Due to the safety risks involved in the oil industry, one of the major criteria of contractor selection considered by managers today is safety. The results indicated that the most important safety criterion of contractor selection was safety records and safety investments. This represented the industry’s risks and the impact of safety training and investment on the performance of other sectors and the overall organization. The output of this model could be useful in the safety risk assessment process in the oil industry and other industries.     

公众环境关注、环境规制与中国能源密集型产业动态

自十八大以来,公众环境治理与环境规制成为影响能源密集型产业动态的重要因素。基于2011—2016年百度指数数据与中国海关进出口数据库,将能源密集型产业面临的环境压力划分为公众环境关注、非正式环境规制和正式环境规制,采用Logit模型综合探讨了环境压力对能源密集型产业动态的影响。研究发现：公众环境关注显著降低了能源密集型产业进入的概率,除环境建议与提案外,其他非正式与正式的环境规制均能够抑制能源密集型产业的进入。此外,在公众环境关注度高的区域,非正式和正式的环境规制对能源密集型产业进入的抑制作用更强。     

北部湾经济区产业发展对大气环境的影响研究

 根据北部湾经济区2007年污染源普查数据和各市级地方政府提出的2005~2020年重点产业发展规划,得到该区域2015年和2020年主要大气污染物(SO2、NO2和PM10)的排放清单,在此基础上,利用CALPUFF模式模拟该区域2015年和2020年的空气质量情况.结果表明,2015年和2020年北部湾经济区污染物浓度增幅较大的地区多为各个市的经济开发区,工业区污染物的浓度增大和大项目的上马有直接关系;大部分城区的污染物浓度增幅较小,城区污染物浓度的增加与生活源的增加有关,同时也和工业区污染的输送有关.大部分城区和工业区2020年的浓度增幅与2015年的增幅相比有所回落.     

国防科技工业自然环境试验站网运行及管理探讨

通过对国内外自然环境试验的管理现状和发展趋势的分析,结合国防科技工业自然环境试验站网实际情况进行深入研究,已初步形成国防站网运行、管理基本体系,形成了一套较为系统的站网管理评价办法.其中政策支持是基础,运行机制、站网管理、共享机制、服务模式、站网评价是核心.重点对目前管理较为薄弱的核心内容进行了介绍.     

On the use of criteria based on the SMART acronym to assess quality of performance indicators for safety management in process industries

Management of safety, and barriers in particular, includes using information expressing performance, i.e. use of safety performance indicators. For this information to be useful, the indicators should demonstrate adequate quality. In other words, they should satisfy some predefined set of quality criteria. Without showing adequate quality, the indicators are generally unable to provide sufficient support for barrier management, which could result in poor decisions. In this article, the use of the SMART criteria is considered to assess the quality of safety performance indicators in process industries. SMART being an acronym for ‘specificity’, ‘measurability’ or ‘manageability’, ‘achievability’, ‘relevancy’ and ‘time-based’, covering five key aspects and criteria for assessing the quality of an indicator. A discussion on whether the indicators are able to demonstrate adequate quality by satisfying these criteria has been conducted. The finding is that all of the SMART criteria should be satisfied for a safety performance indicator to demonstrate acceptable quality and to be regarded as useful to support barrier management decision-making. However, it has also been observed that including the ‘M’ criterion in the assessment of quality is not needed. When all the other criteria are satisfied there is no way the conclusions could be misleading as a result of measurability or manageability aspects. Hence, for safety performance indicator quality, only four of the criteria are assessed and suggested for such situations to shorten the acronym to ‘STAR’. A key safety indicator used in downstream process facilities, i.e. ‘dangerous fluid overfilling events’, motivated from the 2005 Texas City refinery accident, is used to illustrate the situation. The indicator is also applied to another incident, the Buncefield oil storage depot's accident in 2005, to provide a broader context for using it. The findings in this article could also be applied beyond the context studied. This means that, despite focusing on safety indicators in the process industries, the findings are considered as relevant and applicable to other types of performance indicators and to other energy industries.     

Fine atmospheric particles emitted by industrial,traffic and urban sources in France: characterization and genotoxicity

Health risks associated with inhalation of fine particulate matter of 2.5 µm in diameter or smaller depend on their atmospheric levels and physicochemical properties. The relationships between chemical compositions and genotoxic activities of particles emitted by mineral industries, traffic and urban sources during summer and winter in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (France) were investigated.

The fine particles were separated in respect to water-soluble (13 minerals and metals) and organic-extractable (16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) components that were quantified. The chromosome damaging properties of the hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts were assessed using the centromeric micronucleus assay on a human lung fibroblast cell line.

The composition of the fine particulate matter was variable and depended upon the sources and seasons. Both the hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts induced chromosome damage: (1) in hydrophilic extracts, Ca and Zn affected chromosome losses induction; (2) acenapthylene affected chromosome damage (breakages and losses) induction and naphthalene affected chromosome damage and losses induction in lipophilic extracts without metabolic activation; and (3) benzo[a]pyrene affected chromosome losses induction in lipophilic extracts with metabolic activation. Fine particulate matter arising from coal-fired power station, road traffic, and other urban sources were the most efficient to induce chromosome breakage.     

环境管制对中国污染密集型行业企业竞争力影响的实证研究

按照经济学的分析思路,政府加强环境管制会增加企业成本,从而影响企业的竞争力。但是,著名管理学家波特却提出了一个新的假说,认为从长期和动态的角度来看,加强环境管制会促使企业寻求技术创新和管理创新,不仅不会损害企业竞争力,实际上通常还会增强企业的竞争力,实现环境管制与企业竞争力的"双赢"。本文利用1993-2009年中国污染密集型行业企业的省际面板数据对环境管制与企业竞争力的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果显示:环境管制对市场占有率、亏损率指标产生了显著的影响,环境管制增强1%,企业的市场占有率就会提高0.7%,企业的亏损面会降低0.15%;环境管制对利润率指标的影响为正,但不显著。从大多数人的长远利益出发,政府应坚定不移地加强我国的环境管制,走绿色发展之路。     

The efficiency of electrocoagulation in treating wastewater from a dairy industry,Part I: Iron electrodes

Iron electrodes were used for electrocoagulation (EC) treatment of wastewater from a dairy plant. Electrolysis time, pH, current density and distance between electrodes were considered to assess the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS) and their fractions and turbidity. Samples were collected from the effluent of a dairy plant using a sampling methodology proportional to the flow. The treatments were applied according to design factorial of half fraction with two levels of treatments and three repetitions at the central point. The optimization of parameters for treating dairy industry effluent by electrocoagulation using iron electrodes showed that electric current application for 15 minutes, an initial sample pH close to neutral (pH 7.0) and a current density of 50 A ^{. m?2} resulted in a significant reduction in COD by 58 %; removal of turbidity, suspended solids and volatile suspended solids by 95 %; and a final treated effluent pH of approximately 9.5. Negative consequences of the type of electrode used were the emergence of an undesirable color and an increase in the proportion of dissolved solids in the treated effluent.     

在教育改革中推进素质教育

大力提高全民族的思想道德和科学文化素质,提高知识创新和技术创新能力,是全面推进我国现代化事业的必然选择,也是中华民族自立于民族之林的根本。     

化工企业污水处理系统的安全措施

化工企业污水处理系统管网遍布厂区,易燃、易爆的液体或气体混入管道,极易造成安全事故.污水处理系统在设置、使用过程中,要采取一定的安全措施.