Managing crises through organisational development: a conceptual framework

This paper presents a synthesis of the guiding principles in crisis management in accordance with the four configurational imperatives (strategy, structure, leadership and environment) defined by Miller (1987) and outlines interventions in organisational development (OD) that may contribute to their achievement. The aim is to build a conceptual framework at the intersection of these two fields that could help to strengthen the resilient capabilities of individuals, organisations and communities to face crises. This incursion into the field of OD--to generate more efficient configurations of practices in crisis management--seems particularly fruitful considering the system-wide application of OD, based on open-systems theory (Burke, 2008). Various interventions proposed by OD in terms of human processes, structural designs and human resource management, as well as strategy, may help leaders, members of organisations and civil society apply effectively, and in a more sustainable way, the crisis management guiding principles defined by researchers.     

现代化进程中的生态文明建设综述

生态文明建设的重大意义,可以从历史、现实、未来、理论创新价值和实践指导作用多个方面进行归纳。生态文明是对生态危机的反拨与超越,是对长期困扰人类的生存与发展困境的历史性扭转。生态文明建设是一项浩繁的社会工程,学界就此提出价值体系、关键环节、整体推进和低碳消费等基本思路和建设策略。     

基于危机理论的煤矿安全教育培训体系考核评估研究*

为解决传统煤矿安全教育培训流于形式,考核评估体系出现行为层与效果层内容长期缺失,反应层及学习层考评手段单一、考评结果模糊、无法具体衡量等问题,基于危机理论,提出以微信小程序为载体的含课程资源、主题培训、海量题库、我的设置4个版块的煤矿信息化安全教育培训体系,以经典柯氏4级评估模型为基础,对考核评估模型进行针对性创新设计,构建适合煤矿从业人员的定量化安全教育培训效果4级考核评估模型,在反应、学习、行为、效果4个层次均提出相应的计算公式。结果表明:定量考核评估可准确反映教育培训活动效果和目标完成度。     

Deforestation and Avian Extinction on Tropical Landbridge Islands

Abstract: There are few empirical data, particularly collected simultaneously from multiple sites, on extinctions resulting from human‐driven land‐use change. Southeast Asia has the highest deforestation rate in the world, but the resulting losses of biological diversity remain poorly documented. Between November 2006 and March 2008, we conducted bird surveys on six landbridge islands in Malaysia and Indonesia. These islands were surveyed previously for birds in the early 1900s, when they were extensively forested. Our bird inventories of the islands were nearly complete, as indicated by sampling saturation curves and nonparametric true richness estimators. From zero (Pulau Malawali and Pulau Mantanani) to 15 (Pulau Bintan) diurnal resident landbird species were apparently extirpated since the early 1900s. Adding comparable but published extinction data from Singapore to our regression analyses, we found there were proportionally fewer forest bird extinctions in areas with greater remaining forest cover. Nevertheless, the statistical evidence to support this relationship was weak, owing to our unavoidably small sample size. Bird species that are restricted to the Indomalayan region, lay few eggs, are heavier, and occupy a narrower habitat breadth, were most vulnerable to extinction on Pulau Bintan. This was the only island where sufficient data existed to analyze the correlates of extinction. Forest preservation and restoration are needed on these islands to conserve the remaining forest avifauna. Our study of landbridge islands indicates that deforestation may increasingly threaten Southeast Asian biodiversity.     

新时期公众对地震谣言的认知状况分析

通过对北京地区不同阶层人群的防震减灾科普知识、需求及科普形式创新调查数据的定量分析,以及对2008年汶川地震发生后政府成功制止谣言的传播和2010年山西部分地区地震谣言传播事件进行的分析,阐述了地震谣言产生和传播的社会基础以及政府危机传播策略在地震谣言事件中存在的问题.防震减灾科普知识的匮乏以及对地震部门工作的不了解导致公众对地震谣言的识别能力低下；媒体对地震知识的概念混淆,使得高知人群更容易对国内地震预报工作产生误解；政府仅仅通过单一媒体对地震谣言进行简单的辟谣,效果将会非常有限.     

面向安全和可持续发展的企业危机管理

企业安全生产事故与环境污染事件极易相互诱发及转化.实现节约发展、清洁发展、安全发展和可持续发展是中国企业发展的政策要求,也是企业应对能源与资源危机的现实选择.本文分析了新形势下建立并运行环境管理体系为企业带来的竞争优势,提出了基于危机生命周期的两种企业危机管理模式,为企业实现面向安全和可持续发展的危机管理实践提供了循序渐进的实施步骤.     

中小学开展环境教育的方法和途径

在中小学开展环境教育是从根本上解决环境危机、实施可持续发展战略、开展素质教育的需要。本文针对目前中小学环境教育中存在的问题,提出了开展环境教育的方法与途径。     

危机管理的原则、策略和过程

频发的突发公共事件造成的危机已经成为社会管理生活中不可避免的重大挑战,危机管理也就成为各国和各级政府都必须认真对待的重要问题,本文归纳了危机管理中应遵循的原则,运用的策略以及处理危机的过程。     

实现传统经济向生态经济的转变

认为生态环境危机的出现，归根结蒂，在于人类社会的价值观存在着重大的错误以及由此而采取的经济发展模式存在着重大的错误；要缓解生态环境危机，人类社会必须改变价值观，改变经济发展模式，实现传统经济向生态经济的转变，走可持续发展的道路；为了实现这种转变，人类在经济活动中，必须遵循生态经济规律，建立企业生态经济管理模式，合理利用资源，优化产业结构，重视经济效益、社会效益和生态效益的协调和统一。文章还认为，为了实现这种转变，从联合国到个人，各国政府、各种组织、各行各业，都必须行动起来，参与生态经济建设。最后提出和讨论了生态经济学今后应该加强研究的几个问题。