有效磷含量对硝酸铵溶液热安全性的影响

为了了解硝酸磷肥生产过程中,硝酸铵溶液中加入磷酸一铵的安全性,通过自制实验装置,研究了有效磷含量对质量分数为85%的硝酸铵溶液热分解的影响。结果表明,质量分数为85%的硝酸铵和磷酸一铵混合溶液的临界爆炸温度高于纯质量分数为85%的硝酸铵溶液,稳定性更好;磷酸一铵抑制硝酸铵的热分解,随着有效磷含量的增加,硝酸铵混合溶液临界爆炸温度升高;升温速率对硝酸铵混合溶液的临界爆炸温度影响很大,随着升温速率由2℃/min升高到3℃/min,质量分数为85%的硝酸铵混合溶液的临界爆炸温度升高,不易发生爆炸,安全性更好。研究结果对硝酸磷肥的生产安全有一定的指导意义。     

Environmental regulatory compliance on army lands: A case study

A “finding of no significant impact” (FONSI) resulting from an environmental assessment (EA) was reported by the US Army in June 1986 for the construction and utilization of a multipurpose range complex (MPRC) at the Pohakuloa Training Area, Hawaii. There was little public response, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service and state agencies were consulted and had few comments concerning the results of the botanical surveys used in the assessment. Construction of the $24 million project was begun in 1988. Near the end of construction in 1989 a lawsuit was filed to halt construction because an environmental impact statement (EIS) had not been done for the project, and the plaintiff thought that significant damage had occurred to several unusual ecosystems. Judgment was against the plaintiff and construction continued. An appeal was filed with the 9th Circuit Court. As MPRC construction was nearly complete, and on advice of Department of Justice lawyers, the Department of Army agreed to settle out of court. The settlement in part called for: (1) the plaintiff to drop the appeal and allow construction to be completed as scheduled, and (2) the Department of Army to prepare an EIS for the operation of the MPRC. A subsequent botanical survey for the EIS discovered one endangered plant species, four category 1 candidate plant species (taxa with sufficient data to support listing as endangered or threatened), three category 2 candidate plant species (taxa with some evidence of vulnerability but insufficient data to support listing at this time), one category 3a species (presumably extinct taxa), and possibly three undescribed species growing within the MPRC boundary. The MPRC case study is an excellent example of why the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) must be modified to require in-depth and thorough environmental surveys.     

混凝一气浮控制三卤甲烷生成势的研究

研究了混凝一气浮工艺对不同分子量区间三卤甲烷生成势（trihalomethanes formation potential,THMFP）的去除效果及絮体形态对THMFP去除效果的影响。结果表明,混凝一气浮工艺以去除大分子量区间THMFP为主,对小分子量区间THMFP的去除效果较差。UV254值与THMFP值的线性相关系数为0．9449,UV254值可以较好地反映THMFP的含量。絮体的分形维数为1．17～1．2时,孔隙率较大,可增加絮体对THMFP的活性吸附空间,且絮体相对密度较小,可增强同向絮凝作用,增加絮体和THMFP的接触概率,有利于气浮对THMFP的去除。     

Flicker Test as a Load Measurement During the Combined Effect of Heat and Noise

This study was a joint physiological and psychological experiment undertaken to determine changes in physiological and psychological human functions under the combined influence of heat, noise, and physical activity. Seven experimental situations were simulated in a climatic chamber with different configurations of three independent variables: heat (40 °C), noise (98 dB), and physical effort (30% of maximum volume of oxygen uptake—V0₂ max). Five psychological variables (critical flicker fusion—CFF, hand tremor, reaction time, subjective climate evaluation, and subjective evaluation of the given condition load) and two physiological variables (heart rate and rectal temperature) were monitored. Results indicate that CFF changed (increased) significantly when more than one experimental variable was applied. These changes coincided with significant changes in both subjective climate evaluation and subjective evaluation of a given condition load. There were no significant changes in psychomotor functions (hand tremor and reaction time). None of the observed physiological parameters were above the critical value. The results suggest that CFF can be treated as a psychophysical load indicator.     

Acoustically detected year-round presence of right whales in an urbanized migration corridor

Species' conservation relies on understanding their seasonal habitats and migration routes. North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis), listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, migrate from the southeastern U.S. coast to Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts, a federally designated critical habitat, from February through May to feed. The whales then continue north across the Gulf of Maine to northern waters (e.g., Bay of Fundy). To enter Cape Cod Bay, right whales must traverse an area of dense shipping and fishing activity in Massachusetts Bay, where there are no mandatory regulations for the protection of right whales or management of their habitat. We used passive acoustic recordings of right whales collected in Massachusetts Bay from May 2007 through October 2010 to determine the annual spatial and temporal distribution of the whales and their calling activity. We detected right whales in the bay throughout the year, in contrast to results from visual surveys. Right whales were detected on at least 24% of days in each month, with the exception of June 2007, in which there were no detections. Averaged over all years, right whale calls were most abundant from February through May. During this period, calls were most frequent between 17:00 and 20:00 local time; no diel pattern was apparent in other months. The spatial distribution of the approximate locations of calling whales suggests they may use Massachusetts Bay as a conduit to Cape Cod Bay in the spring and as they move between the Gulf of Maine and waters to the south in September through December. Although it is unclear how dependent right whales are on the bay, the discovery of their widespread presence in Massachusetts Bay throughout the year suggests this region may need to be managed to reduce the probability of collisions with ships and entanglement in fishing gear.     

石油化工厂区土壤中总石油烃分布的研究

为了进行石油化工厂区地下环境的现场评估，利用气相色谱法（EPA8015B）对其土壤中总石油烃（TPHs)进行了测定，测定结果以柴油范围的有机物（DRO）和润滑油范围的有机物（ORO）表示。结果表明：土壤各层DRO检出率在58％－72％之间，ORO检出率在82％－89％之间，大多数检出点位的DRO、ORO含量小于500mg/kg；个别点位的DRO、ORO高达30000mg/kg。     

用镁合金促进兵器装备轻量化

概述了兵器装备轻量化的意义、镁合金的性能特点 ,介绍了镁合金在兵器上应用的实例 ,指出了镁合金在兵器上应用存在的问题 ,分析了镁合金在兵器上应用的前景 ,对镁合金在兵器上的应用工作提出了若干建议     

杂质对硝酸铵水溶液临界爆炸温度的影响

利用自制装置对含杂质的硝酸铵水溶液临界爆炸温度进行测试研究.结果表明,Cl-单独作用在一定程度上抑制硝酸铵溶液的热分解,提高了其临界爆炸温度;pH值一定时,随着Cl-浓度的增大,硝酸铵水溶液的临界爆炸温度呈指数形式降低;Cl-浓度一定时,pH值越小,硝酸铵水溶液的临界爆炸温度越低;油脂会降低硝酸铵溶液的热稳定性.该结果...     

基于熵权的改进密切值法在水质综合评价的应用

将2003至2008年宁德市金涵水库水质监测值与地表水环境质量标准相结合,建立了环境样本矩阵,运用信息熵原理确定各指标的权重,并应用改进密切值法进行水质综合评价。结果表明：金涵水库从2003至2008年水质都是Ⅱ类以上,水质总体良好。该评价方法操作简便易行,结论切实可行,并可反映出各评价单元的优劣变化。     

水库热分层期沉积物中有机物特性及对好氧反硝化细菌脱氮的影响

本研究以水源水库热分层期沉积物中有机物为研究对象,在分析其相对分子质量分布和有机物荧光特性的基础上,探究了沉积物中有机物为碳源时,好氧反硝化细菌的脱氮效能、细菌生长及碳去除性能.结果表明：①水源水库在热分层期,沉积物中相对分子质量>100×10³的有机物所占比例较高;同时相比于不同月有机物的相对分子质量分布,7月时沉积物中相对分子质量大的有机物所占的比例最低（44.62%）,显示出较小的相对分子质量;②水源水库沉积物中有机物由陆地类腐殖质组分C1（250 nm,425 nm）、类色氨酸和氨基酸物质C2（230 nm/280 nm,322 nm）和传统微生物类腐殖质混合物C3（250 nm,340 nm）所组成,其中色氨酸和氨基酸类的物质（组分C2）所占比例较高,同时在7月时显示出较大的总荧光强度;③好氧反硝化过程中,5月有机物显示出较好的作为电子供体的特征,而7月的有机物却表现出较好的作为能源物质的性能,同时使得好氧反硝化细菌WGX-9显示出较高的氮去除特性;④相比于天然有机物、藻类有机物和实际水源水库水,沉积物中有机物作为碳源时可以较好地促进菌株WGX-9的好氧反硝化脱氮效能.本文阐明了水源水库热分层期沉积物中有机物特性及对好氧反硝化细菌的影响,将为微污染水体氮污染控制工程提供依据.