区域大气环境容量与基础工业布局研究──以镇江为例

大气环境容量是工业布局的影响因素之一。基于大气科学理论及运筹学的线性优化，创建了一个由三维中央尺度风场动力学模式、三维大气扩散数值模式及线性优化容量模式构成的动态优化区域大气环境容量模拟系统，并用该系统就镇江市区的大气环境容量及各污染源的最优排污量进行了计算，由此对镇江市现有重点污染企业的最优排污量及发展提出意见，并对未来基础工业的布局提供依据。该模拟系统具有普适性，故只要收集到模式所需要的长江沿岸地区的地理、气象及污染源资料，即可计算沿江地区的大气环境容量及基础工业企业的布局与规模，为长江产业带建设提供科学依据。     

城市社区工作研究的思路和方法

社区(Community)是一个有着明确边界、范围和居住着有各方面联系的人的社会区域。社区的建设和发展是一种有目标、有计划的引导社会变迁的行动过程,是一项庞大而复杂的系统工程。本文提出了社区工作研究的总体构思;并建立了由人口、教科文、生活质量、社会保障、健康水平、妇女地位、环境保护等因素组成的社区综合发展评价指标体系;并构造了综合评价数学模型。     

Environmental impact on the development of agricultural technology in China: the case of the dike-pond (‘jitang’) system of integrated agriculture-aquaculture in the Zhujiang Delta of China

The development of the environmentally conserving dike-pond system of integrated agriculture and aquaculture in the Zhujiang Delta of south China is traced to illustrate the impact of environmental changes on technological innovations. The technologies of dike building, land reclamation, pond fish culture, and crop cultivation on dikes, which were either independently developed or modified from ideas brought in by migrant farmers from northern China, represented farmers' efforts to adapt to the new characteristics of a changed environment as population pressure increased. The new technologies revealed the farmers' awareness of the need for environmental conservation. However, increased population pressure also necessitated more intensive use of the land, both in the highland and lowland regions, giving rise to inappropriate dike building and premature reclamation activities, which in turn brought about more frequent flooding in the delta region. Careless application of a new technology tended to have harmful effects on the environment. Political conditions in different periods of China's economic development have also caused changes in the dike-pond system which has to maintain high productivity and profitability. Recent advances in dike-pond system technology have focused on crop diversification and animal husbandry to match the three-dimensional characteristics of its ecological components. New agricultural technologies can be successful in China only if they can provide a balance between land use and conservation.     

淮河流域人地系统的自组织分析

本文从系统论的角度出发 ,从组织序变、耗散结构、协同互补、系统演化的动力机制等方面分析了淮河流域人地系统的优化、平衡及有效调控机理 ,为实现淮河流域的可持续发展提供理论依据 ,并提出了提高系统的自组织能力、激活系统的动力机制的战略举措     

水资源可持续利用支撑体系能力的基本内涵

本文以山东省水资源利用实际为背景 ,探讨了水资源可持续利用的目标函数及其指标内涵 ,定性定量提出了水资源可持续利用支撑体系应具备的五种能力。     

"数字石羊河"建立及其在沙尘暴防治中的应用

由于上游超量用水,导致石羊河下游的民勤县绿洲无水可用,生态环境严重恶化,成为我国的第四大沙尘暴策源地.本文提出了建立"数字石羊河"的概念,认为石羊河流域要建立公平的用水机制,在技术上要建立"数字石羊河",最后对"数字石羊河"在沙尘暴防治中的应用作了分析.     

Spatiotemporal dynamics of forest-tundra communities in the polar urals

The spatiotemporal dynamics of forest-tundra communities in the 20th century have been studied in the timberline ecotone of the Polar Urals. Maps reflecting the distribution of different types of forest-tundra communities have been made, and data on the morphological and age structure of tree stands have been obtained for three time sections (the mid-1910s, 1960s, and 2000s). They show that open and closed forests have markedly expanded due to natural afforestation of the tundra and increase in the density and productivity of existing forest stands. The unidirectional pattern of plant community transition (from the tundra to closed forests) and meteorological data provide evidence that this transition has been conditioned by climate warming and increasing humidity recorded during the past 90 years.Translated from Ekologiya, No. 2, 2005, pp. 83–90.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Shiyatov, Terentev, Fomin.     

丰镇发电厂送风系统噪声原因分析及降噪研究

振动和噪声普遍存在于火电厂锅炉送风系统中 ,是电厂噪声污染的一个重要来源 ,严重影响电厂安全、经济、文明运行。有效地降低送风系统的振动和噪声是火电厂急需解决的问题。笔者针对丰镇火电厂送风系统结构和运行参数 ,对由此产生的噪声进行了细致的测量 ,分析了产生振动和噪声的原因 ,认为送风机蜗舌处产生的气动噪声和管道二次涡流是引发送风系统振动和噪声的主要原因。根据产生振动和噪声的原因 ,并结合电厂要求 ,进行了技术改造即在直管中安装栅格网及弯管处安装导流栅以消除局部涡流。技术改造方案实施后经测量的结果表明 ,冷风道的噪声下降了 7～ 1 6dB ,明显降低了送风系统的振动和噪声。     

基于组件式GIS的重大危险源管理系统的设计与开发

基于组件式GIS技术建立城市重大危险源管理系统。概述了组件式GIS的技术特点 ,结合当前城市重大危险源管理的要求 ,利用该技术从系统结构、系统功能、数据库结构等方面完成城市重大危险源管理信息系统的设计。实现了反映城市重大危险源数据的图层的建立以及重大危险源的评价分级功能 ,并提出了危险源的专题图分析和危险事故分析方法 ,完成了城市重大危险源管理系统的开发。     

可持续发展下的生态经济学理论透视

生态经济学是一门正在蓬勃发展的新兴交叉学科，可持续发展是生态经济学研究的中心问题。人类对可持续发展问题的极大关注推动了生态经济学的发展。本文从宏观角度分析了可持续发展问题的凸显和生态经济学的兴起，着重指出生态经济学是关于可持续发展的科学的认识；阐述了可持续发展条件与状态的生态经济学理论内涵；论述了生态经济系统的本质特征及其可持续发展评估的核心内容；概括了可持续发展评估与绿色国民经济核算的框架及其目标和衡量方法。