Selling displaced people? A multi‐method study of the public communication strategies of international refugee organisations

The world has seen a major increase in forced displacement since 2011. As a growing number of states implement restrictive refugee policies, public communication has become essential for refugee organisations. This study analysed, therefore, three international refugee organisations’ discursive strategies towards the recent Syrian crisis, as well as their production and the social context. A critical discourse analysis of international press releases (N=122) and six semi‐structured interviews with press and regional officers revealed that the observed actors largely dehumanise displaced people and subordinate them to the ‘Western self’ and state interests; displaced people hardly ever acquire their own voice. The study found that the medium characteristics of press releases and the importance of media attention result in a depersonalising humanitarian discourse. In addition, there were indications of a post‐humanitarian discourse that reproduced the humanitarian sector's ‘marketisation’. Finally, the examined organisations use the political realist cross‐issue persuasion strategy, displaying displaced people as resettlement objects.     

Turbulent velocity profile in fully-developed open channel flows

The determination of velocity profile in turbulent narrow open channels is a difficult task due to the significant effects of the anisotropic turbulence that involve the Prandtl’s second type of secondary flow occurring in the cross section. With these currents the maximum velocity appears below the free surface that is called dip phenomenon. The well-known logarithmic law describes the velocity distribution in the inner region of the turbulent boundary layer but it is not adapted to define the velocity profile in the outer region of narrow channels. This paper relies on an analysis of the Navier–Stokes equations and yields a new formulation of the vertical velocity profile in the center region of steady, fully developed turbulent flows in open channels. This formulation is able to predict time averaged primary velocity in the outer region of the turbulent boundary layer for both narrow and wide open channels. The proposed law is based on the knowledge of the aspect ratio and involves a parameter C_Ar depending on the position of the maximum velocity (ξ_dip). ξ_dip may be derived, either from measurements or from an empirical equation given in this paper. A wide range of longitudinal velocity profile data for narrow open channels has been used for validating the model. The agreement between the measured and the computed velocities is rather good, despite the simplification used.     

耦合遗传算法与RBF神经网络的PM2.5浓度预测模型

基于北京市空气质量监测点获取的空气污染物浓度数据,通过遗传算法搜索径向基人工神经网络的最优隐含层神经元数目和扩展常数,构建了耦合径向基人工神经网络算法与遗传算法的预测模型,预测北京市未来一天24h平均PM_2.5质量浓度.结果表明,预测精度与泛化性能良好.该模型不需要输入气象和地理位置信息等数据,具有依赖变量少、预测精度高（R²达0.75）和运算效率高等特征,并可以通过训练样本的驱动,使自身不断优化调整.该模型预测效果可以通过扩展输入特征、增加训练样本量等方法进一步提升,可对多种时空情境下的城市空气污染进行高效率且精确的预测.     

河西走廊1994－04－08浮尘暴·黄沙的气象特征和大气气溶胶测定

报道１９９４－０４－０７—１９９４－０４－０８河西走廊形成浮尘暴·黄沙天气过程、气象观测和大气总悬浮微粒（ＴＳＰ）测定结果,说明我国西北地区发生的浮尘暴·黄沙天气的气象及大气气溶胶特点。嘉峪关和酒泉一带是这次黄沙的中心;酒泉等地的ＴＳＰ浓度高达３８．００ｍｇ／ｍ３,室内ＴＳＰ浓度高达８．６３ｍｇ／ｍ３,自然降尘浓度达２９６．２２ｔ／（ｋｍ２·月）;黄沙云高约２０００—３０００ｍ;主要组成元素Ｓｔ、Ａｌ、Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ和Ｔｉ等含量上升;黄沙沿嘉峪关、酒泉、金昌、兰州和北京渐次减少;１９９４－０４－１１的２：００在甘肃省大部分地区出现了哈布（Ｈａｂｏｏｂ）现象。建议今后对尘暴·黄沙的研究还应测定黄沙气溶胶浓度、粒度分布和不同粒度微粒的化学组成,测定雨土、降水、降尘和气温的变化。     

马家沟矿煤与瓦斯动力现象机理研究

马家沟矿煤与瓦斯动力现象严重威胁着该矿的安全生产,掌握其机理意义重大。笔者在统计并分析该矿煤与瓦斯动力现象的基础上,以上山掘进和石门揭煤为例,根据煤与瓦斯动力现象发生后遗留的典型孔洞形状,采用RFPA-Flow对其进行数值模拟。通过数值模拟反演出了该矿动力现象发生的地质条件及过程,得出了马家沟矿煤与瓦斯动力现象机理,并通过数据处理,得出了在动力现象前后掘进头前方煤体内地应力、瓦斯压力分布状况及卸压区宽度变化规律。     

物候因子干旱灾害长期预报

用植物物候现象作为气候预报因子,与长期预报对象建立相关模式,反映气候因子的综合性,具有较好的物理意义。本文主要用茶树、橡胶树的第一个物候现象为预报因子,采取统计分级相关的方法,预报秋季干旱趋势。     

土壤物理学与天灾预测关系的讨论

本文论述了土壤层中的物理现象和物理过程,并讨论了这些现象和过程与天灾发生、发展的内在联系。     

钛管的一次压扁成形工艺

此文研究了钛管装入聚胺脂芯棒后一次压扁成形的工艺特点,分析了以往空心管成形所存在的问题。在实验的基础上完成了不同规格钛合金管材的一次压扁成形。     

中国跨区域水环境保护行政管理体制存在的问题探析及研究

中国以流域为单元实行的统一区域管理虽然已普遍被世界各国政府和学者接受,但在中国并没有形成一个具有统一职权和执行效力的跨区域水环境保护管理机构。以流域水资源管理为例,流域水资源保护机构名义上受水利部与环境保护部的双重领导,但在编制上却是水利部的派出事业单位,负责具体水污染管理事宜的环境保护部门的领导权在实际中并不容易落实。同时水利部和环保部门相应的受各级地方政府领导,其财政权和人事任免权由地方政府掌控,这种地位的不独立性容易使其行为受地方政府意志的支配。另外,在晋升激励和财政分税制的制度背景下,各流域地方政府有意愿和能力干涉环保部门的行为,使各种水环境保护事物让位和屈就于更实惠的地方经济发展。对于此种跨区域水环境保护行政管理体制现存的问题应当进行改善。     

Human resource management systems and work attitudes: The mediating role of future time perspective

This paper examines the role of employees' future time perspective (FTP) in the association between human resource management (HRM) systems and work‐related attitudes. Drawing on social exchange theory, signaling theory, and affective events theory, we hypothesize HRM systems' indirect effects on individual‐level job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment as mediated by FTP. The results of this multilevel study, comprising 913 employees of 76 business units, provide evidence that HRM systems have (i) direct effects on employees' FTP and (ii) indirect effects on job satisfaction and organizational commitment via FTP. In addition, three HRM bundles' (i.e., knowledge, skills, and abilities enhancing; motivation enhancing; and opportunity enhancing) corresponding indirect effects are explored. We discuss the results, theoretical contributions, and practical implications of the study, as well as future research directions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.