基于BP神经网络的污水格栅间气体监测

为实现对城市污水泵站格栅间内H₂S和CO有害气体浓度实时准确监测分析,设计气体传感器阵列监测系统,建立单隐层BP神经网络模型对气体浓度样本进行训练,确定网络隐含层数为9,训练函数为traindm,模型优化后输出的H₂S和CO气体浓度与实测值的平均相对误差分别为1.3%与0.4%。研究结果表明：采用BP神经网络模型对传感器阵列采集到的样本数据进行训练,可提高其测量精度,提升精度范围在57%～75%之间,能够满足对污水泵站有害气体监测的基本要求,所建立模型表现出良好效果。研究结果可为污水格栅间有害气体监测提供新方法。     

Synergistic inhibition of aluminum dust explosion by gas–solid inhibitors

The inhibition mechanism of gas-solid inhibitors on Al dust explosion was investigated experimentally in a closed cuboid chamber. The variation of parameters concerning flame propagation characteristic and explosion severity used to reflect the synergistic inhibition effect of gas-solid inhibitors on Al dust explosion were elucidated. The results showed that flame propagation velocity and explosion overpressure were inhibited with the increase of gas-solid inhibitors. The inhibition curves of gas-solid inhibitors within the experimental range were further obtained. The reason concerning the SEEP phenomenon was revealed through the GC-MS analysis. The combustion of ammonia enhanced the explosion overpressure when solid inhibitors performed at low concentration. The gas-phase product could be regarded as the inert gas as long as enough amount of inhibitors were added. To comprehend the inhibition mechanism of gas-solid inhibitors, X-ray diffraction was applied to figure out the crystal structure of explosion residue. The results indicated that both physical and chemical inhibition effects were imposed on Al dust explosion by gas-solid inhibitors, including endothermic decomposition, dilution of oxidizer, coverage of Al dust, and scavenger of free radicals. The results of this study will provide a scientific basis for the design of inhibition technology for the dust explosion.     

基于支持向量回归模型的水稻田甲烷排放通量预测研究

利用静态箱和气相色谱仪法获取水稻田甲烷排放通量数据,选取大气温度、土壤5 cm深温度、土壤pH、土壤Eh、土壤含水量和地表生物量作为影响因子.应用建立在结构风险最小化优化上的支持向量回归(ε-SVR)模型,采用留一法交叉检核网格搜索法(LOOCV)优化ε-SVR预测模型的参数,采用k折交叉检验的方法依据平均相对误差(MRE)和均方根误差(RMSE)对模型的精度进行验证,并与BP人工神经网络(BP-ANN)模型比较,评价ε-SVR预测模型的准确性.结果表明,通过LOOCV选择最优的惩罚因子C和损失系数ε,并由此构建的ε-SVR预测模型预测值和实测值具有很好的一致性,通过11折交叉验证后,测试样本的平均MRE为44%,平均RMSE为16.21 mg·(m2·h)-1.通过与BP-ANN模型比较,预测值和实际值相关系数达0.863,各项指标均优于BP-ANN预测模型,说明ε-SVR模型能够适用于水稻田甲烷排放通量的预测.     

横采内排追踪压帮高度对端帮稳定性影响研究

为揭示横采内排追踪条件下压帮至不同高度时端帮稳定性变化规律及力学成因机制,明确端帮的滑坡模式与滑坡机理,以平庄西露天煤矿端帮边坡为工程背景,应用有限差分软件FLAC3D,基于强度折减理论,对压帮不同高度时的端帮稳定性进行了三维数值模拟。结果表明:平庄西露天煤矿端帮滑坡模式为以椭球面为侧界面、以弱层为底界面的切层-顺层滑动;滑坡的力学成因机制类型为牵引式;横采内排追踪压帮高度至少为81 m端帮才能满足安全储备系数的要求;端帮稳定性系数Fs随压帮高度增大呈线性增大。     

不同高程气溶胶中多环芳烃(PAHs)分布研究

通过对在广东省南海市不高程气溶胶及气溶胶中多环芳烃（ＰＡＨs）的分布研究认为，气 溶胶及气溶胶中的ＰＡＨs来源于地表主干道机动车的排放，优控多环芳烃总量在３次连续 采样中可能由于空气流动状态的差异产生产３种不同的组合类型。研究中发现部分ＰＡＨs的分布出现异常，即采样位置高的样品ＰＡＨs中轻质量、低环数的多环芳烃含量的高于采 样位置低的无序现象。     

快速准确测量圆形管道废水流量

在测量圆形管道的废水流量时 ,废水截面积的计算较为复杂 ,且情况多变。本研究试图推导出一个废水截面积的通用公式 ,进而归纳出废水流量的通用综合算式 ,并运用程序计算法进行计算 ,从而达到快速准确地测量圆形管道废水流量的目的     

Bayesian predictive inference for the proportion of eroded land in a small area in Iowa

There is an increasing interest in the quality of soil, especially for small geographical areas. We present a method to estimate the percent of the area in a county or hydrological basin that is eroded. There are sample data (for several counties in eastern Iowa) from the National Resources Inventory and population data on land use, land capability class, rainfall and slope length and steepness. Using the Gibbs sampler we perform Bayesian predictive inference to obtain estimates for the non-sampled units. These estimates, together with the sample data, provide an estimate of the proportion of the total area that is eroded. We assess the quality of fit of our model using two cross-validation exercises and graphical methods.     

Factors predicting proclivity and intensity to volunteer for the environment in the US and South Korea

This research compares environmental volunteering among students in South Korea and the US (n = 3612). Given differing environmental histories of these countries, we explore whether and to what extent volunteer proclivity and intensity varies, and potential factors that explain existing variation. Findings suggest that American students are more likely to volunteer for, and devote time to, environmental causes, while South Korean students differ on socio-economic correlates of such behaviour. In a global society, understanding determinants of environmental volunteer participation is critical to the management of environmental NGOs that are involved in broad-based and participatory planning, educating stakeholders and legitimising environmental advocacy.     

京津冀内陆平原区PM2.5浓度时空变化定量模拟

近年来我国京津冀地区霾污染日趋严重,为揭示该地区PM_2.5时空变化特征,以京津冀内陆平原为研究区,以MODIS AOD数据作为主要预测因子,采用混合效应模型建立研究区2013~2014年AOD-PM_2.5逐日变化的关系模型.利用十折交叉验证法对模型拟合进行验证.结果表明,采用混合效应模型对AOD-PM_2.5进行时间上的校准能够提高二者间的相关性,模型拟合的PM_2.5质量浓度与地面实测值间的R²为0.78,经过交叉验证后R²为0.70,RMSE、RPE分别为20.80 μg·m^-3、28.76%.针对研究区冬季AOD有效值非随机性缺失带来的采样偏差,用校正因子对模型预测的2013~2014年间PM_2.5平均浓度进行校正,结果表明研究区内PM_2.5平均浓度均高于75 μg·m^-3,南部和西部地区的PM_2.5浓度相对较高,北部和东部地区PM_2.5浓度相对较低,呈现出"南高北低、西高东低"的分布趋势.研究结果表明混合效应模型能够适用于近地面PM_2.5监测,也为该区域大气颗粒物污染治理提供了科学依据.     

黄河万家寨断面水质安全分析

水质安全不仅是与人们身体健康密切相关的环境问题,而且也是一个国家非常重要的政治、经济和社会问题。为了解作为饮用水源——黄河万家寨断面的水质状况,笔者依据中国现行的有关水质标准,对黄河万家寨断面的水质进行了详细的分析;针对超标项目作了检测超标率、最高超标倍数等分析计算,确定出建库前后最主要的超标项目对它们进行了水质随时间变化规律和污染特性的分析,在此基础上分析其原因,提出相应的解决办法。通过对黄河万家寨断面水质安全的分析和评价,为有针对性地防治水污染,保护地表饮用水源,进一步改善水质,优化水源管理,保障人民健康和维护良好的生态系统提供科学依据。