A GENETIC ALGORITHM TO REDUCE STREAM CHANNEL CROSS SECTION DATA1

A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to reduce cross section data for a hypothetical example consisting of 41 data points and for 10 cross sections on the Kootenai River. The number of data points for the Kootenai River cross sections ranged from about 500 to more than 2,500. The GA was applied to reduce the number of data points to a manageable dataset because most models and other software require fewer than 100 data points for management, manipulation, and analysis. Results indicated that the program successfully reduced the data. Fitness values from the genetic algorithm were lower (better) than those in a previous study that used standard procedures of reducing the cross section data. On average, fitnesses were 29 percent lower, and several were about 50 percent lower. Results also showed that cross sections produced by the genetic algorithm were representative of the original section and that near‐optimal results could be obtained in a single run, even for large problems. Other data also can be reduced in a method similar to that for cross section data.     

螯合淀粉衍生物对铜离子吸附性能的研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,经交联、间接醚化、胺化反应合成了交联氨基淀粉(CAS),CAS进一步与CS2亲核加成反应,合成了带有二硫代氨基甲酸(DTC)基团的DTC改性淀粉(DTCS)．研究了CAS和DTCS吸附铜离子的动力学行为,结果表明,二者对铜的吸附均符合Freundlich等温式．298K时,CAS和DTCS的吸附速率常数分别为κ=1．758h^-1和κ=10．32h^-1．根据对吸附行为的研究得到了表观动力学方程和热力学参数,并藉助IR和元素分析及吸附平衡研究了吸附机理．     

中小学校园踩踏事故统计分析及应对措施研究

为掌握中小学校园踩踏事故发生规律,预防事故发生,收集、整理近10年来的事故案例进行统计分析,获得了中小学校园踩踏事故的时空分布和影响因素的统计特征。发现存在"秋季学期"现象、"星期一"现象和事故易发生在教学楼1～2楼楼梯间。分析事故主要原因有:学生安全素质不高,学生安全教育不足,信息交流不畅,学校硬件设施设计不合理,学校应急管理不足。针对案例统计分析结果和原因,提出预防中小学校园踩踏事故的应对措施,为相关部门预防和处置事故提供决策支持。     

On the relationship between intragroup conflict and social capital in teams: A longitudinal investigation in Taiwan

In response to the prevalent deployment of teams in organizations, there is a need to jointly consider conflict and social capital within the teams to offer novel ways to understand group process. This study proposes that the association between intragroup conflict and group social capital may be dynamic and reciprocal. Specifically, this study investigates longitudinally how intragroup conflict influences group social capital within cross‐functional teams and recognizes whether the teams with high group social capital can further produce intragroup conflict. The two‐year longitudinal study sampled 527 individuals in 90 teams across two time periods. This study finds that when teams are formed (Time 1), task conflict relates positively to structural social capital, and relationship conflict relates negatively to cognitive social capital. There is an inverted U‐type relationship between task conflict at Time 1 and social capital at Time 2. Established teams (Time 2) with higher levels of social capital experience higher levels of task conflict and lower levels of relationship conflict than teams with lower levels of social capital. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南京实施跨江发展战略的环境保护对策

阐述了跨江发展是南京市"十一·五"期间发展的战略重点之一,分析了江北地区自然、社会、经济与环境的现状,找出其主要的环境问题与面临的压力,提出合理的环保对策措施,以实现江北地区社会经济发展与环境保护的双赢.     

干片采样法在海滩大气氯离子监测中的饱和现象浅析

目的探索干片采样法在海滩大气氯离子监测中的应用。方法针对海南海滩大气氯离子监测过程中出现的饱和现象,分析其形成的原因和影响因素,提出制定监测方案的应对措施,以及测试结果的表征方法。结果 A地区的1号、2号采样点和万宁站海洋平台采样时间为7天、19天的氯离子监测存在饱和现象,3号采样点3个采样周期的监测都没有出现饱和现象。结论海滩大气环境中,海浪高度与空气中氯离子的沉降速率有较强的关联性。缩短采样时间,增加采样次数,适当增加平行样数量和监测点的数量,可降低饱和现象监测结果的影响。A地区海滩氯离子的沉降速率为7.61 mg/(100 cm~2·d),万宁站海滨的氯离子的沉降速率可确定为大于5.99 mg/(100 cm~2.d)。     

人为扰动下河流复氧激增现象及机制分析

为探究河流复氧规律及其机制,研制出改变河道局部水流流速的深控型水平推流曝气装置,并使用该装置在天津市外环河中进行原位试验,探究人为扰动对河流复氧系数的影响.试验结果表明,装置工作时纵向流速提高至40cm/s,最大增幅22倍;水体溶解氧浓度提高0.6~1.7mg/L,约10%.研究发现,经典的Owens等5组河流复氧系数经验公式均低估了扰动下的复氧系数,试验均值约为49.5d^-1,是理论值的10~100倍,即河流复氧在人为扰动下发生激增现象.分析成因表明,湍流动能与河流复氧系数显著正相关,区别于自然流动,人为扰动提升了水体纵向和垂向湍流动能,加速了中下层水体溶解氧扩散,提高了复氧率,进而发生了复氧激增现象.研究成果为提升城市河流水质的水力学方法提供了科学依据.     

GM(1,1)模型群在黄河水质预测中的应用研究

灰色预测对统计数据较少问题可以进行预测,一般3-4个数据就可以建模,由于建模序列长短不同,会得到不同的预测方程,即对实际问题发展趋势某种程度的把握.实际预测时若能将不同的预测结果综合考虑进去,效果更佳.介绍了GM(1,1)模型建立的方法与步骤,并依据黄河潼关断面过去10年(1996-2005年)水质状况,利用GM(1,1)模型群预测了未来7年(2006-2012年)的水质发展状况.     

Investigation on the degradation and opening behavior of knife blade burst disks

Burst disks are often used as the highest level of defense against over pressure. 36 knife blade burst disks were spent to test their steadfastness and reliability. Half of the burst disks were subjected to stress similar to normal use in a plant. They showed no sign of degradation compared to the unstressed disks. However many disks failed to burst at the specified pressure and none opened with the specified cross section. These parameters are essential for dimensioning pressure relief equipment.     

Financing of internal displacement: excerpts from the Sri Lankan experience

This paper investigates how internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka, financed their first year of displacement. We conducted extensive fieldwork in August 2007 in numerous welfare centres in Batticaloa that have received persons displaced from the Mutur divisional secretariat (DS) in the Trincomalee district. The sample was selected from the village of Sampur in Mutur DS. The displaced from Sampur are of Tamil origin and our findings reveal certain coping strategies that may be particular to this community, including the selling or mortgaging of gold jewellery to address the effects of displacement. We found that the IDPs in this region rely heavily on jewellery and other forms of savings to ensure their survival. There is also strong evidence to support the critically important coping role played by livelihoods. These coping strategies have enabled the IDP households in the present sample to live marginally above the poverty line.