一株抗铬细菌的分离鉴定及其还原特性研究

拟通过筛选出高效还原Cr(Ⅵ)的菌株来修复铬污染土壤,从重庆废弃化工厂铬污染土壤中分离得到一株高效还原菌株,对该菌进行形态和生理生化特征研究,并结合分子生物学进行测序分析,同时对该菌在不同条件下还原Cr(Ⅵ)的能力进行检测,探讨了pH值、接种量、初始Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度及温度对Cr(Ⅵ)还原的影响.结果表明,该菌株为革兰氏阳性杆菌,命名为NO.1.经形态和生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列比对分析,鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)(相似度为99％).该菌株具有较强的还原Cr(Ⅵ)的能力,在pH=8.0、接种量50％(体积分数)及30℃条件下,100 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)在处理3d后可基本被还原.研究表明,该细菌有望用于铬污染土壤的修复.     

基于AHP-SLIM的航空器维修人误概率确定

人误是造成民用航空维修差错的主要因素。由于缺少实际的数据,对航空维修行业人为失误发生的规律进行研究是必要的,但是规律研究主要依赖于该领域专家的判断,很难确保一致性。为了克服这个困难得到更加准确的评估,本文将层次分析法同成功似然函数结合起来估计造成飞机/发动机/附件损坏的人误概率。该方法确定了航空器维修人员的安全态度、知识和技能、计划和监管、信息沟通等因素,对人误的影响程度以及飞机/发动机/附件损坏中常见人误的发生概率。计算结果表明,操作/试验时最容易发生飞机/发动机/附件损坏,并且提出加强组织和监管、严格按章办事等解决措施。     

不同菜地土壤的铁氨氧化脱氮过程探究

采集了不同菜地的土壤，分析其理化性质.采用同位素示踪技术测定了铁氨氧化、反硝化和厌氧氨氧化的速率，运用Miseq高通量测序技术探究了菜地土壤的群落组成.结果表明，铁氨氧化速率在种植蔬菜的土壤显著高于裸地的土壤，并且铁氨氧化速率与土壤Fe（III）（r = 0.736， P < 0.05）和总有机碳（r = 0.575， P < 0.05）均有显著的正相关.另外，在不同菜地中5种主要的铁还原菌（芽孢杆菌属，假单胞菌属，嗜酸菌属，脂环酸芽孢杆菌属，梭状芽胞杆菌属）被检测到，并且铁还原菌的相对丰度在种植蔬菜的土壤（1.38%~2.19%）比在裸地的土壤（0.75%）高.在脱氮贡献方面铁氨氧化， 反硝化和厌氧氨氧化分别贡献了7.3%~12.4%， 53.1%~72.3%和18.9%~36.4%的氮气产生，说明铁氨氧化是菜地中重要的微生物脱氮路径.     

Demographic Characteristics of Extinction in a Small, Insular Population of House Sparrows in Northern Norway

Abstract:  In conservation ecology there is an urgent need for indicators that can be used to predict the risk of extinction of populations. Identifying extinction-prone populations has been difficult because few data sets on the demographic characteristics of the final stage to extinction are available and because of problems in separating out stochastic effects from changes in the expected dynamics. We documented the demographic changes that occurred during the period prior to extinction of a small island population of House Sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) after the end of permanent human settlement. A mark-recapture analysis revealed that this decline to extinction was mainly due to increased mortality after closure of the last farm that resulted in a negative long-term-specific growth rate. No change occurred in either the structural composition (breeding sex ratio and age distribution) of the population or in female recruitment. No male, however, recruits were produced on the island after the farm closure. Based on a simple, stochastic, density-dependent model we constructed a population prediction interval (PPI) to estimate the time to extinction. The 95% PPI slightly overestimated the time to extinction with large uncertainty in predictions, especially due to the influence of demographic stochasticity and parameter drift. Our results strongly emphasize the importance of access to data on temporal variation that can be used to parameterize simple population models that allow estimation of critical parameters for credible prediction of time to extinction.     

Evaluation of municipal solid waste composting kinetics

Most modern municipal solid waste (MSW) composting operations have emphasized the enhancement of decomposition of the organic fraction of the waste to comply with strict environmental regulations. This can be achieved once the composting process kinetics are well understood. This study examined process kinetics through experimentation with bench-scale reactors under controlled composting conditions to show the interdependence between biological, chemical and physical factors during composting of MSW. The effects of temperature, moisture content, waste particle size and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio on process kinetics were evaluated. The results obtained revealed that these factors should be carefully controlled in order to achieve optimum process performance. It has been found that the organic matter degradation during composting follows a first-order kinetic model.     

宇宙线辐射对人类健康的影响

介绍了宇宙线辐射对人类在不同生活环境和活动空间中所致的剂呈，估计了航空机组人员受到宇线照射潜在的危险性，并作出了卫生学评价。     

500t／h污水处理场开车总结及几点建议

介绍了胜利石化总厂５００ｔ／ｈ污水处理场的流程，总结了开车后遇到的问题、采取的措施及取得的效果，并结合本厂实际提出了改进意见。     

A review on political factors influencing public support for urban environmental policy

Environmental quality is important to urban residents’ physical, social and psychological well-being. Governments have been formulating and implementing policies to mitigate environmental deterioration in cities. To effectively implement policies and achieve policy goals, gaining sufficient public support is an essential prerequisite; the policies would be in ruins and the government may also suffer from setbacks in other policy areas in the absence of public support. Therefore, to understand what contributes to public support is a crucial task for policymakers. Though current literature on socio-demographic and attitudinal/psychological factors provides fruitful accounts for policy support, a comprehensive examination of political determinants has yet to be established. In response to this, this review paper explores political factors that influence level of policy support based on existing literature. An integrated framework is proposed to explain policy support for urban environmental policy. This paper also discusses the possible directions of future research.     

我国人力资本形成的阶段与区域特征分析

以经典Mincer收入方程为基础。通过引入教育、经验与区域变量。对1990年和2000年我国人力资本收益率及其影响因素进行估计。形成了关于我国人力资本发展阶段特征的基本判断。模型结果支持了正规教育对人力资本的影响由线性向非线性的变化。并且在平均收益率方面中等教育有着潜在优势；在经验因素中。工作前的经验比工作后的经验对收入影响更显重要；东部地区人力资本的形成与其他地区存在显着的差异。而东部以外的地区之间人力资本形成模式差异则不明显。