长三角区域一体化的环境治理效应评估——基于DID模型的实证研究

随着长三角一体化的范围不断扩大,融入区域一体化的城市不断增加,对区域城市环境协同治理提出了更高要求。本文采用2003—2019年中国225个地级以上城市面板数据,利用双重差分法评估长三角区域一体化对地区环境治理的影响和作用机制。研究发现长三角区域一体化能显著促进整体城市和原位城市的污染排放强度下降,但对新进城市的环境治理影响并不显著。长三角区域一体化对不同规模城市的环境治理效应没有显著差异;对非资源型城市和高行政等级城市的环境改善作用则优于资源型城市和低行政等级城市。进一步机制分析表明,长三角区域一体化带来污染排放强度整体下降,这一结果主要来自经济集聚效应和技术进步效应,来自产业结构升级的环境治理效应并不显著;同时,长三角区域一体化对环境治理具有显著的反向空间溢出效应,即在降低本地污染排放强度的同时,加大了周边城市污染排放强度。     

智慧城市试点政策对城市安全水平的影响研究——基于区域异质性的视角

为探究新的城市管理模式(即智慧城市政策)对城市安全水平的影响,采用我国国内(不含港澳台,下同)156个地级市2007—2019年间的面板数据,结合双重差分法进行评估,利用双重差分倾向得分匹配法(PSM-DID)进一步验证,探讨区域异质性视角下智慧城市试点政策对城市安全水平的影响。研究结果表明：智慧城市试点政策的实施对城市安全水平具有显著的正向促进作用;在控制地区层面因素及各固定效应后,结果证明随着政策实施时间的推移正向促进作用逐渐增强;异质性分析结果表明智慧城市政策对特大型城市及东部地区城市影响较为显著,对非省会城市影响显著大于省会城市。     

聊城市县域经济发展水平的空间差异及对策研究

聊城市各县(市)经济发展水平存在着较大的差异。选取了人均GDP、人均财政收入、城镇化率等9项指标,采用量图分析法,将聊城市8县(市、区)分为先进、中等和落后3个类型,确定了莘县和冠县2个重点扶贫县,对其空间差异的成因进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策。     

排桩+斜支撑在某大面积基坑开挖中的受力变形性状研究

随着基坑工程开挖面积越来越大,出现了一种排桩+斜支撑的组合支护结构。本文基于两阶段分析方法,首先采用Winkler地基模型模拟排桩的桩土作用,运用有限差分法考虑土的分层特性,然后应用水平受荷桩简化Mindlin解,考虑该组合支护结构的桩-桩相互影响,计算其遮拦效应,从而得到开挖条件下支护结构桩水平反应的简化分析方法。最后,结合济南某基坑工程实例,通过有限差分的方法,研究了排桩+斜支撑组合支护结构的受力变形特性。结果表明,该组合支护结构能够通过支撑桩和排桩的合理布置,有效调动基坑内部土体抵抗荷载,协调基坑土体变形以及支护结构的变形。     

旅游发展价值取向与制度变革：美国国家公园体系的启示

通过对旅游发展的价值取向与管理体制分析发现,美国国家公园体系让国民享受到保护较好的遗产资源和舒适生态的游憩环境,国家公园提供的国民精神教育与实在的公益性服务提高了国民的凝聚力。相比而言,我国国家级保护区体系缺乏统一协调的发展理念、管理部门职能交叉、法律基础薄弱、管理及维护经费无稳定保障、公共服务意识缺失。因而,我国必须改变保护区内以经济利益为核心的旅游发展价值取向,建议对现有制度作如下调整：严格规范准入机制,重新梳理国家级保护区名录;完善现有立法,切实保护各类具有国家意义的遗产资源;逐步推进大部门体制改革,形成统一化管理的国家级保护区体系;启动淘汰机制限制保护区的数量扩张,将中央财政集中到确需保护的保护地;推出原住民资助计划,推进文化保护与社会公平;提高保护区体系从业人员素质,为各保护区建立具有科学性和教育性的解说系统,发挥国家级保护区体系对国民精神教育的重大作用.     

高层建筑电梯活塞效应及烟气控制分析

在电梯运行活塞效应及其对火灾烟气影响理论分析基础上,分析电梯井和前室加压及压力波动情况;结合高层建筑烟控系统的原理,通过合理的压差设计,可保证电梯系统在最大容许压差和最小容许压差之间正常工作。通过对活塞效应及其对电梯与建筑空间之间压差影响的分析发现,极限状态下烟气可能卷入电梯井和前室,对人员的疏散造成威胁,提出了控制活塞效应影响的上限临界压差。研究表明,合理的排气泄压系统、气压式挡烟系统、可变送风系统及火灾层带通风排烟设施的系统等均能对火灾烟气进行有效控制,提高电梯疏散的安全性。研究所得的结论为火灾中利用电梯进行疏散提供了理论指导及一种烟气控制的方法。     

辽宁省可持续发展能力及调控对策研究

本文从可持续发展能力的内涵出发，分析了建国以来辽宁省可持续发展能力建设的成就与问题，认为辽宁省具有实施可持续发展的社会经济优势，但经济的快速发展是以资源的过度消耗和生态环境的破坏为代价的。并且城市产业结构偏重，区域经济发展很不平衡，城乡二元结构矛盾突出。接着构建了经济、社会和资源环境3大类41项指标，通过层次分析法对辽宁14个地级市可持续发展能力作了区域差异分析，结果表明沈阳、大连属于强可持续发展地区，盘锦、鞍山、本溪和丹东属于较强可持续发展地区，抚顺、锦州、营口、葫芦岛、辽阳属于一般可持续发展地区，铁岭、朝阳、阜新属于弱可持续发展地区。最后提出相应的对策：建立资源节约型的国民经济体系，优化产业结构，调整经济空间布局和保护生态环境。     

Adaptation of Nitraria sphaerocarpa to wind-blown sand environments at the edge of a desert oasis

This study addresses the adaptation of Nitraria sphaervcarpa to blown sand at the edge of a desert oasis with regard to the aspects of soil seed banks, seedlings, and population. Horizontally, the total number of seeds per unit area decreased from the shrub canopy center to intershrub areas, and most seeds were found under shrub canopies. Vertically, the highest proportion of seeds was found at depths of 5-10 cm. The emergence percentage, seedling mass, and seedling height, which were significantly affected by both burial depth and seed size, were highest at the optimal burial depth of 2 cm, and decreased with increasing burial depth in each seed size-class. Although seedling mass was usually greatest for large seeds and least for small seeds at each burial depth, little difference was observed in seedling height at shallow burial depths of 0-3 cm. The population shows a patchy and discontinuous distribution pattern. Population height increases with increasing sand depth. Also the density increases with increasing depth of sand in the desert; however, there is a steady decrease when the depth of sand is more than 100 cm. This result indicates that the depth of sand that is most suitable for the growth of Nitraria sphaervcarpa is 100 cm. The size of the population is significantly correlated with the sand depth, which increases with increasing depth in the desert.     

Effect of copper on the degradation of pesticides cypermethrin and cyhalothrin

The influence of coexisting copper (Cu) ion on the degradation of pesticides pyrethroid cypermethrin and cyhalothrin in soil and photodegradation in water system were studied.Serial concentrations of the pesticides with the addition of copper ion were spiked in the soil and incubated for a regular period of time,the analysis of the extracts from the soil was carried out using gas chromatography (GC).The photodegradation of pyrethroids in water system was conducted under UV irradiation.The effect of Cu~(2 ) on the pesticides degradation was measured with half life (t_(0.5)) of degradation.It was found that a negative correlation between the degradation of the pyrethroid pesticides in soil and Cu addition was observed.But Cu~(2 ) could accelerate photodegradation of the pyrethroids in water.The t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin extended from 6.7 to 6.8 d while for cypermethrin extended from 8.1 to 10.9 d with the presence of copper ion in soil.As for photodegradation,t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin reduced from 173.3 to 115.5 rain and for cypermethrin from 115.5 to 99.0 min.The results suggested that copper influenced the degradation of the pesticides in soil by affecting the activity of microorganisms.However, it had catalyst tendency for photodegradation in water system.The difference for the degradation efficiency of pyrethroid isomers in soil was also observed.Copper could obviously accelerate the degradation of some special isomers.     

Chlorobenzenes in waterweeds from the Xijiang River （Guangdong section） of the Pearl River

The Xijiang River is the major source of water for about 4.5 millions of urban population and 28.7 millions of rural population. The water quality is very important for the health of the rural population. The concentration and distribution of chlorobenzenes (CBs) in both water and waterweeds collected from 4 stations in the Xijiang River (Gangdong section) of the Pearl River in April and November were determined. The result showed that nearly every congener of CBs was detected. The total contents of CBs (∑CBs) in the river water ranged from 111.1 to 360.0 ng/L in April and from 151.9 to 481.7 ng/L in November, respectively. The pollution level of CBs in the water in April was higher than that in November. The contents of ∑ CBs in waterweeds ranged from 13.53×102 μg/g to 38.27×102μg/g dry weight (dw). There was no significant difference between April and November in waterweeds. The distribution of CBs in roots, caulis, and leaves of Vallisneria spiralis L. showed different patterns. The leaves mainly contained low-molecular-weight CBs(DCBs), whereas the roots accumulated more PCBs and HCBs. The average lgBCFlip (bioconcentration factor) of CBs ranged from 0.64 to 3.57 in the waterweeds. The spatial distribution character of CBs in the Xijiang River was: Fengkai County ＜ Yunan County ＜Yun'an County ＜ Gaoyao County according to the ∑CBs, and the pollution deteriorated from the upstream to the downstream of the Xijiang River. Further analysis demonstrated that the discharge of waste containing CBs may be the main source of CBs pollution in the Xijiang River.