基于地理加权回归的省域碳排放影响因素研究

碳减排已经成为新时代生态文明建设亟待解决的问题,碳排放量与地域空间位置密切相关,为更好地促进碳减排、碳达峰,碳排放影响因素的区域性差异以及趋势分析已成为碳减排分析的焦点。通过地理加权回归方法研究我国30个省（区、市）2007—2017年的人口因素、能源消费、城镇化建设发展对碳排放量的影响,进而揭示碳排放量与区域社会经济发展的关系。结果表明,碳排放量的空间聚集性较强,各影响因素的空间分布格局差异较大,其中电力消费总量和化石能源消费总量的增加对碳排放量的正向影响作用最大,人口规模对碳排放量也有一定的正向促进作用,城市公共汽电车辆和主要建材消耗总量对碳排放量的影响作用并不显著,均呈不稳定的正负相关关系。我国碳减排应调整能源消费结构,进一步提高清洁能源技术创新,将城镇化建设与碳减排分阶段融合,加大绿色消费、绿色建筑和绿色出行的支持力度。

     

湖北省区域经济差异评价及协调发展对策研究

本文从区域经济差异内涵出发 ,设计了由 11个指标所组成的区域经济差异评价指标体系 ,采取多元统计中的因子分析法和加法合成模型 ,对湖北省 17个区域的经济差异进行了定量评价与比较 ,得出了区域经济差异不断扩大的结论。对此 ,文章从如何建立多层次的区域城市网络体系 ,发挥中心城市在区域经济协调发展中的作用 ,如何调整区域产业布局与产业结构 ,如何促进发达区域与不发达区域共同发展等 3方面 ,提出了湖北省区域经济协调发展的有关对策。     

红肉猕猴桃新品种的选育研究

本文介绍了新选育的给网猕猴桃新品种。该品种子房鲜红色，果实横切面呈红，黄绿相间的图案；果实较大，平均单果重９２．５ｇ，最重达１５０ｇ，含糖量高，味甜，可溶性固形含量为１９．６％，总糖１３．４５％，总酸０．４９％，ＶＣ１３５．７７ｍｇ／１００ｇ，糖酸比２７．４５。     

Sex difference in signature whistle production of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins,Tursiops truncates

Signature whistles of 42 free-ranging bottle-nose dophin calves were compared to those of their mothers. Humans judged their similarity by inspection of spectrograms. There was a sex difference in the tendency of calves to produce whistles similar to or different from those of their mothers; most female calves produced whistles that were different from those of their mothers, whereas male calves were more likely to produce whistles that were similar to those of their mothers. Because matrilineally related females associate together and use signature whistles to establish and/or maintain contact with their calves, there may be a selective pressure for females to produce whistles that are distinct from those of their mothers. There may be fewer constraints governing whistle development in males, with the result that some males produce whistles similar to those of their mothers and others do not.     

中国工业企业排污强度影响因素的实证分析

在均衡污染模型的基础上,采用中国省级面板数据,选取4种代表性工业污染物,分析了东中西部工业企业排污强度的影响因素及区域差异。实证研究表明,东中部地区的污染排放强度随经济发展相对水平的上升而下降,而西部地区仍是将经济发展放在环境保护之上。其次,随着受教育水平的提高,先是工业企业得到发展从而带来更大的污染,随着当地对环境的关注逐渐加强,排污强度开始下降。     

几个菜心品种硝酸盐累积差异的研究

通过对7个菜心品种在2种氮源形态下进行水培试验,以及对植株和吸收液的分析测试,探讨菜心品种间的硝酸盐累积、氮素营养特性及养分吸收的差异,为制定硝酸盐调控措施和选育低硝酸盐菜心品种提供依据。     

岷江柏林下土壤物理性质及其地理空间差异

对现存岷江柏分布区土壤物理性质的空间差异性研究表明 ,土壤容重理县居群最小 ,最大的为茂县居群 ,理县居群与茂县、马尔康、丹巴居群间有显著性差异 .土壤总孔隙理县居群较大 ,但其孔隙组成中毛管孔隙与非毛管孔隙比 (CP NCP)较小 ;金川、小金、马尔康和丹巴居群虽土壤总孔隙不大 ,但其孔隙组成较合理 ;茂县居群土壤总孔隙小 ,非毛管孔隙数量又大 .土壤持水量直接与土壤孔隙状况有关 ,最大持水量和毛管持水量理县居群最大 ,茂县居群土最小 ,茂县居群土壤持水量与其它居群间有显著性差异 .土壤自然含水量是土壤孔隙状况与持水能力的综合体现 ,0～ 2 0cm层土壤自然水量顺序为 :丹巴 >金川 >小金 >理县 >马尔康 >茂县 ,茂县居群与其它居群土壤自然含水量有显著性差异 .建议在干旱河谷区实施造林规划时 ,选择土体较稳定、人为干扰少、种植初期有水源保障的阴坡或半阴坡 .图 5表 3参 2 4     

Factors influencing cannibalism in the wolf spider Pardosa agrestis (Araneae, Lycosidae)

Cannibalistic tendencies are well known in spiders and may be a significant factor influencing population size. The wolf spider, Pardosa agrestis, is the dominant non-web-building spider in a wide range of central European agricultural habitats. Preliminary field observations indicated an extended reproductive period, which results in a very wide size distribution of juvenile instars. We hypothesised that if cannibalism is enhanced by differences in size, especially during periods when prey is scarce, these populations might be susceptible to cannibalism in an ecologically significant way. Laboratory studies were conducted on juvenile P. agrestis in arenas. We analysed the following specific aspects of cannibalism: (1) the effect of the weight ratio between the opponents; (2) the effect of weight per se, and (3) the role of hunger level in determining cannibalistic tendencies of spiders. The role of weight and hunger were analysed in separate experiments, in both cases by controlling for the other variable. The results showed that cannibalism was strongly positively correlated with both weight ratio and hunger, but absolute size/age of an individual could not predict the occurrence of a cannibalistic event. These experiments generated the plausible hypothesis that cannibalism might be an important phenomenon in the regulation of real populations, which should be tested specifically in future field experiments. Received: 15 December 1997 / Accepted after revision: 10 October 1998     

不同热力背景对城市降雨（暴雨）的影响（Ⅰ）—降雨分布的空间差异

如何准确描述和预测降雨（暴雨）的空间分布,已成为城市减灾防灾的重要内容,本文探讨了利用热信息研究城市降雨空间分布差异的方法。在遥感、GIS技术支持下,利用对没的期夏、冬季热图像的主成分析和图像分割,将上海市1958－1998年热环境划分为自然、低温、高温3种不同的热力背景。在此基础上,就不同热力背景对城市降雨（暴雨）分布空间差异的影响规律进行了研究,为建立城市降雨空间差异预报模型奠定了基础。     

西南山区某气井井场地基稳定性模拟分析

中国西南山区蕴藏着丰富的天然气资源,但随着开发规模的日益扩大,天然气井逐步转向山区这类地质环境恶劣的地区。本文以西南山区某气井为原型,在详细阐明井场区地质环境背景特征的基础上,首先对井场出现的典型地质问题——地下采空区进行定性判断和分析;之后选用F lac-2D有限差分软件,对井场加载前/后地下采空区可能造成的井场地基应力和变形特征,采用双洞和采空区这2种计算模型,进行数值模拟分析。模拟结果表明,井场加载前/后地基最大位移量为2 mm,地基局部地段出现拉应力区,但总体上地基稳定。研究结论将为后期建设中井场建筑物的优化布局及基础的选型提供依据。