生态毒理基因组学——后基因组时代生态毒理学的新领域

基因组学、蛋白组学和代谢组学技术为生态毒理学的发展提供了生物高通量的技术手段,构成了新的交叉学科——生态毒理基因组学.生态毒理基因组学着重研究环境毒物暴露下非靶生物基因和蛋白的表达,能够在基因组水平上更深入地理解环境污染物的致毒机制,同时,它引进生物标志物为生态风险评价提供了平台.论文对生态毒理基因组学的发展历程、技术支持、模式生物及其在生态风险评价方面的应用进行了综述,以推动生态毒理基因组学技术在我国的进一步发展.     

天津市核技术应用及环境影响

论述了天津市核技术的发展与应用，放射性污染源对环境辐射影响，放射性污染源存在的主要问题及原因分析，并就核技术辐射环境管理提出了建议。     

信息技术在农田施肥管理中的应用

综述了目前国外精准农业的主要技术理论,着重围绕其在农田施肥管理中的应用,讨论基于GPS、GIS应用的农田施肥管理系统的开发和应用,提出精准农业技术理论在我国农田施肥管理中的应用设想。     

Changes of Soil Microbiological Properties Caused by Land Use Changing From Rice–Wheat Rotation to Vegetable Cultivation

A survey was done recently in Jiaxing city of Zhejiang Province in the Yangtze River Delta to compare the differences of soil microbiological properties among paddy soils with different land use including continuous open-field vegetable cultivation (OFVC), plastic-greenhouse vegetable cultivation (PGVC) and traditional rice–wheat rotation (RWR). The soil types included are percolating, permeable and waterlogged paddy soils. The results indicate that the microbial flora was markedly changed as the land use changed for all the three soil types. In continuous vegetable cultivation soils, especially in PGVC soils, the bacteria amounts decreased dramatically, but the fungal and actinomyce amounts increased as compared with RWR soils. The dehydrogenase activities decreased significantly in vegetable soils, especially in PGVC soils as compared with RWR soils. The microbial biomass C and the total phospholipid contents (TPL) in vegetable cultivation soil greatly decreased as compared with RWR soils. Biolog analysis indicated that the kinds of carbon sources that could be metabolized by native microbes in PGVC soils greatly decreased as compared with OFVC soils and RWR soils, revealing that microbial diversity had decreased since land use change. The activities of some soil enzymes including urease, invertase and phosphase were all lower in OFVC soils than those in RWR soils, and those in PGVC soils were the lowest. The degradation of microbiological activities in continuous vegetable cultivation soils, especially in PGVC soils, as compared with RWR soils might have been caused by soil acidification and accumulation of salts due to overuse of both organic and inorganic fertilizers in vegetable cultivation.     

造纸工业废水治理技术综述

目前我国造纸业大多以草类、再生纸为原料生产纸品,造纸废水的污染日益严重,造纸废水的处理已经提上日程.本文针对废水中主要污染物的不同,对其处理方法、治理技术、工艺分别进行了论述,并提出了建议.     

哈尔滨市增设空气质量监测点位研究

分析哈尔滨市空气污染的现状、特征和变化趋势,对现有监测点位监测数据的代表性进行回顾性评估,确定增设点位的必要性.进行拟增设点位周围大气污染源调查,收集相关气象资料,进行城市建设规划及土地利用规划调查,划分一定的网格开展空气质量监测,采用数学统计方法对监测数据进行处理,初步确定测点位置.进行指标检查及技术论证,最终确定增设监测点位.     

汽车左/右后轮罩冲压工艺及翻边、斜楔翻边模具设计

根据制件的特点 ,分析了其冲压成形的工艺难点 ,制定了合理的工艺 ,简化了模具设计和制造 ,并画出了制件的综合工序图 ,分析了各工序内容和工艺特点 ,说明了各工序模具设计的关键问题。同时以第 5道工序为例 ,重点分析了斜楔翻边、翻边模的结构、工作原理及设计要点     

大气环境质量预测与计算机技术的结合--"大气污染扩散空间信息系统研究"小论

简述了在“大气污染扩散空间信息系统研究”项目中 ,大气环境质量预测的理论和计算机技术有机结合起来 ,达到了取长补短的目的     

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液生物处理技术及应用

在分析生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液特点的基础上 ,对其生物处理技术进行分析评价 ,针对其特点提出相应的处理对策措施。并对国内南北两个典型的垃圾填埋场的渗滤液处理系统进行了介绍。     

地球化学工程与环境保护

地球化学工程指应用地球化学过程来改善环境 ,它是一个有着广泛分支的新领域。环境保护是地球化学工程的重要组成部分。详细介绍了地球化学工程中的环境技术问题 ,例如中和、集中、分散、固定和隔离 ,并给出了相关的例子。