云南松根际与非根际磷酸酶活性与磷的有效性

通过对采集自滇中红壤区域的不同林龄云南松的根际与非根际土，以及不同磷补充量下根袋法培养的距云南松幼苗不同距离土壤的磷酸酶和有效磷的测定，探讨了根际与非根际土的磷酸酶变化及其与有效磷之间的关系。云南松根际及非根际都含有大量的磷酸酶，且这些磷酸酶的活性在根际土中较高。酸性磷酸酶是云南松土壤中的主要酶类，中性磷酸酶次之。培养实验结果显示，无论是根际土、近根际土还是远根际土，外界补充的磷量越低，其酸性和中性磷酸酶的活性越高，反映出磷饥饿对磷酸酶的诱导。但磷酸酶的变化同土壤有效磷的相关性不显著。因而酶数量增加不是云南松对磷饥饿的唯一适应性机制，它的变化或许只是磷胁迫下的一种症状。     

一株苯并[a]芘降解菌-紫茉莉联合修复污染土壤的研究

从长期受多环芳烃(PAHs)污染的土壤中获得1株高效降解菌BB-1,经鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌Bacillus megaterium.为了考察菌株的降解特性,将10和20 mg·L~(-1)的苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)加入到培养液中并在30℃下振荡培养8 d.结果表明,BB-1对不同浓度的B[a]P的降解率分别为52.1%和23.5%,B[a]P浓度为10 mg·L~(-1)时降解效果更优.将不同重金属外加到培养液中,Cu2+(50 mg·L~(-1))和Cd2+(100 mg·L~(-1))能在一定程度上影响BB-1对B[a]P的生物降解作用,但菌株仍有很强的耐受性;Zn2+(200 mg·L~(-1))和Pb2+(300 mg·L~(-1))会显著影响降解效果.为了研究菌BB-1与植物的联合降解修复作用,通过对比研究将该菌株加入到种植紫茉莉的B[a]P污染土壤中,在未加入BB-1的污染土壤中,紫茉莉在开花期和成熟期对B[a]P的降解率分别为27.42%±1.99%和51.31%±3.06%,在加入BB-1的污染土壤中降解率分别为68.22%±1.21%和77.16%±0.62%,可见加入菌株BB-1后能显著提高紫茉莉对土壤中B[a]P的降解效率.为确定降解作用的菌株来源,分别对比了非根际和根际土壤中的B[a]P含量,发现在开花期和成熟期任何一种处理的根际土中B[a]P残留浓度都小于非根际土,说明土壤中B[a]P的去除主要是源于根际的作用.在植物修复的基础上,添加能耐受一定重金属浓度的高效B[a]P降解菌,能提高B[a]P降解率,有望为日后大规模田间应用提供可靠的技术参数.     

Removal of Crystal Violet from aqueous solution using powdered mycelial biomass of Ceriporia lacerata P2

A simple and efficient biosorbent prepared from powdered mycelial biomass of Ceriporia lacerata was used to removal Crystal Violet, poorly degraded as recalcitrant molecule by microorganism.     

不同N、P水平对龙须菜生长及生理生化特性的影响

研究了海水N、P营养水平对龙须菜的生长、光合作用及生化特性的影响,结果表明:单独N、P加富对龙须菜的生长无显著影响,而N、P同时加富可以显著促进龙须菜的生长;其相对生长速率随着时间的增加而降低,P加富处理在培养后期相对生长速率显著增加;N加富促进了龙须菜的光合作用,使藻胆蛋白和可溶性蛋自含量显著提高,可溶性搪含量降低....     

亚热带丘陵区绿狐尾藻人工湿地处理养猪废水氮磷去向

以亚热带丘陵区为研究区,采取野外定位观测的研究方法,选取耐高氮（N）、磷（P）的绿狐尾藻为湿地植物,建立稻草基质池+6级绿狐尾藻表面流湿地系统,湿地总面积1597 m²,水力负荷0.06~0.14 m·d^-1,水力停留时间31 d,研究此湿地系统对养猪废水（NH₄⁺-N：535.4~591.09 mg·L^-1、TN：682.09~766.96 mg·L^-1、TP：57.73~82.29 mg·L^-1和COD：918.4~1940.43 mg·L^-1）的治理效果,旨在为亚热带高负荷猪废水的生态治理提供参数依据.结果表明,湿地系统对NH₄⁺-N、TN、TP和COD的平均去除率为97.4%、97.1%、91.0%和90.2%,其中以CW1累积贡献率最大（37.3%、38.4%、43.3%和27.4%）.植物N、P吸收量在23.87~79.96 g·m^-2和5.34~18.98 g·m^-2之间,占湿地N、P去除量的19.1%和20.2%;底泥N、P吸附量在19.17~56.62 g·m^-2和10.59~26.62 g·m^-2之间,占去除量的19.8%和61.7%.湿地N、P去除率与影响因子间的关系表明,环境因子解释了湿地N、P去除率的79.9%和70.1%.其中,DO是湿地系统N去除的主要因子,底泥P吸附是P去除的关键.     

Positive remediation on sedimentary P by combination of capping with calcium hydroxide and oxidation with perhydrol

The capping is called passive remediation because the sedimentary P was released and then immobilized by the capping materials. However, the release depends on the environmental conditions. Therefore, a hypothesis was proposed that the oxidant was used to accelerate sedimentary P release and the capping material was used to capture those released P. It is positive remediation to reduce sedimentary P amount. The results show that soluble reactive phosphorus（SRP） concentration in the overlying wat...     

UV-LED/P25-based photocatalysis for effective degradation of isothiazolone biocide

• UV-LED with shorter wavelength was beneficial for photocatalytic degradation. • SRNOM dramatically inhibit the degradation. • ·OH acts as the active radical in photocatalytic degradation. • Degradation mainly undergoes oxidation, hydrolysis and chain growth reactions. In this work, LED-based photocatalysis using mixed rutile and anatase phase TiO₂ (P25) as the photocatalyst could effectively remove 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and methylisothiazolone (MIT) simultaneously, with removal efficiencies above 80% within 20 min. The photocatalytic degradation of both CMIT and MIT could be modeled using a pseudo-first-order rate equation. The photocatalytic degradation rates of CMIT and MIT under LED280 illumination were higher than under LED310 or LED360 illumination. At concentrations below 100 mg/L, the degradation rate of CMIT and MIT under LED illumination significantly increased with increasing catalyst dosage. Additionally, the effects of the chloride ion concentration, alkalinity and dissolved organic matter on the photocatalytic degradation reaction were also investigated. The ·OH free radicals were determined to play the primary role in the photocatalytic degradation reaction, with a degradation contribution of >95%. The photocatalytic degradation of CMIT and MIT mainly occurred via oxidation, hydrolysis, and chain growth reactions. Finally, the possible photocatalytic degradation pathways of CMIT and MIT over LED/P25 are proposed.     

Palm oil biodiesel: An assessment of PAH emissions, oxidative potential and ecotoxicity of particulate matter

This work assessed the impact of fuelling an automotive engine with palm biodiesel (pure, and two blends of 10% and 20% with diesel, B100, B10 and B20, respectively) operating under representative urban driving conditions on 17 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds, oxidative potential of ascorbic acid (OP^AA), and ecotoxicity through Daphnia pulex mortality test. PM diluted with filtered fresh air (WD) gathered in a minitunel, and particulate matter (PM) collected directly from the exhaust gas stream (W/oD) were used for comparison. Results showed that PM collecting method significantly impact PAH concentration. Although all PAH appeared in both, WD and W/oD, higher concentrations were obtained in the last case. Increasing biodiesel concentration in the fuel blend decreased all PAH compounds, and those with 3 and 5 aromatic rings were the most abundant. Palm biodiesel affected both OP^AA and ecotoxicity. While B10 and B20 exhibited the same rate of ascorbic acid (AA) depletion, B100 showed significant faster oxidation rate during the first four minutes and oxidized 10% more AA at the end of the test. B100 and B20 were significantly more ecotoxic than B10. The lethal concentration LC50 for B10 was 6.13 mg/L. It was concluded that palm biodiesel decreased PAH compounds, but increased the oxidative potential and ecotoxicity.     

三江平原退化湿地和农田土壤养分的比较研究

三江平原农业开垦导致地表水位和土壤水分下降,原生湿地退化为沼泽化草甸和典型草甸,或者直接转化为水田和旱田.退化湿地与农田土壤养分的对比研究结果表明,4种样地类型0-30 cm土层土壤有机质含量为水田＞沼泽化草甸＞旱田＞典型草甸,全氮含量差异与有机质含量差异相一致,速效磷含量为水田＞旱田＞沼泽化草甸＞典型草甸.这说明在湿地退化为典型草甸的过程中土壤养分严重下降,水分状况是影响湿地土壤养分下降的关键因素;但是农田土壤养分仍然保持较高水平,主要是由于耕作、施肥等非水分因素的影响.由此可见,水分条件和人为干扰共同决定了退化湿地和农田土壤养分状况.     

Repeatability and heritability of sperm competition outcomes in males and females of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tribolium castaneum</Emphasis>

Differences among males in their success in achieving fertilisations when females mate with more than one partner are now recognised as an important target of sexual selection. However, very few studies have attempted to determine whether particular males are consistently successful in sperm competition and whether success in sperm competition is a heritable trait. Additionally, the potential heritability of female traits that influence the outcome of sperm competition has received only limited attention. Using the polyandrous beetle Tribolium castaneum, we examined repeatability of male success in sperm competition by mating pairs of males carrying different visible genetic markers to a string of different females. Males showed consistency in their ability to successfully transfer sperm to females, but not in their success in sperm competition. Furthermore, when we independently compared success in sperm competition of fathers with their sons, we found no evidence for heritability of this trait. Similarly, females that exhibited high or low first male sperm precedence did not tend to have daughters that showed the same pattern. Our results suggest that we should be wary of assuming that success in sperm competition is heritable through either sex.