Invasive species change detection using artificial neural networks and CASI hyperspectral imagery

For monitoring and controlling the extent and intensity of an invasive species, a direct multi-date image classification method was applied in invasive species (salt cedar) change detection in the study area of Lovelock, Nevada. With multidate Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) hyperspectral data sets, two types of hyperspectral CASI input data and two classifiers have been examined and compared for mapping and monitoring the salt cedar change. The two types of input data are all two-date original CASI bands and 12 principal component images (PCs) derived from the two-date CASI images. The two classifiers are an artificial neural network (ANN) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The experimental results indicate that (1) the direct multitemporal image classification method applied in land cover change detection is feasible either with original CASI bands or PCs, but a better accuracy was obtained from the CASI PCA transformed data; (2) with the same inputs of 12 PCs, the ANN outperforms the LDA due to the ANN’s non-linear property and ability of handling data without a prerequisite of a certain distribution of the analysis data.     

重点污染行业环境统计准专家系统制作

以燃煤发电行业废气污染核算为例,介绍了环境统计准专家系统的制作原理。将环境统计专家的专业知识优势与先进的计算机技术结合,制作准专家系统辅助基层环境统计人员工作,可以提高环境统计数据质量。目前我国基层环境统计部门非常需要这种易用、相对准确的方式来辅助其工作,环境统计准专家系统为在当前我国国情下提高环境统计数据质量探索了一条低成本、易推广的道路。     

涉刑环境监测中有待解决的若干技术问题及对策建议

指出了涉刑环境监测工作中,司法鉴定机构的资质及监测数据认可、环保标准与规范、固体废物监测等方面存在的问题。提出,涉刑监测单位应尽快获取司法鉴定机构资质;国家层面应给出涉刑监测数据认可的指导性意见;加快环境标准制修订工作,增强标准的适用性和可操作性;修订《危险废物鉴别技术规范》（HJ/T 298-2007）和相应系列鉴别标准。     

环保验收监测异常数据的分析与处理

介绍了目前对环境监测异常数据研究状况,简述了环境监测异常数据的辨识方法,分析了环境监测异常数据产生的原因,提出在建设项目环保验收监测过程中异常数据的处理,以及防止产生异常数据的措施.     

A Regional Assessment of Windbreak Habitat Suitability

The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Programwas initiated in 1989 by the United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency to collect, analyze,and report quantitative, statistically unbiasedinformation about the state of the nation'senvironment on a regional basis. During a pilotprogram in Nebraska we measured a habitat suitabilityindex for a probability sample of 40 windbreaks andexpanded the results to estimate the potential valueof windbreaks as wildlife habitat in Nebraska. Theindex estimates the suitability of a windbreak ashabitat for wildlife including breeding birds, smallmammals, and deer. Index values range from zero toone, where a value of one indicates maximal habitatvalue. We estimated that 50% (±13% at 90%confidence) of windbreaks in Nebraska have a habitatsuitability index of 0.25 or less and that nowindbreaks have a suitability index greater than 0.6. Our results indicate that increasing the area ofindividual windbreaks is the most effective way toimprove their value as wildlife habitat. Monitoringwindbreak condition over time would alert wildlifemanagers to changes in the resource that might affectwildlife populations. Because our data were highlyvariable, the power to detect change in habitatcondition between two measurement periods was low. Amuch larger sample would be required to detect smallchanges in habitat condition. Variability may bereduced, and power increased, by carefully andconsistently constructing the sampling frame, keepingdata collection as simple as possible, appropriatelystratifying sample selection, and using a small numberof well-trained data collection teams. However, wesuggest adapting the index for use with aerialphotography in future efforts to evaluate windbreaksas wildlife habitat in extensive areas.     

滇池流域水环境综合管理技术支撑平台构建研究

滇池流域水环境综合管理技术支撑平台以实现水环境数据信息化、支撑多元化、管理智能化为目标,集成水环境多元数据采集传输、融合共享及动态表征技术,突破高原湖泊流域多目标复杂环境综合管理决策控制技术,构建"数据中心-业务系统-信息发布"为主线的综合管理平台,其以水环境数据中心为支撑,以水环境信息系统与水环境专家决策支持系统为核心,以水环境信息发布系统为共享交换媒介,为流域管理提供监控预警、总量控制、预测预报、项目评估及应急决策等技术服务,有效支撑滇池流域水环境监控预警和综合管理。     

地震分析预报网络信息管理与服务系统

概述了地震分析预报网络信息管理与服务系统 (APNET)的系统构成、系统设置及其功能特点。该网络最大的特点是大量的工作都在后台自动运行完成 ,并具有完善的信息认证系统 ,实现了数据的自动备份和允许特定用户群通过WWW访问和浏览等。     

计算机网络风险防范数据仓库的研究与设计

随着全球信息化进程的推进,网络风险已经成为阻碍信息化进程的一个重要因素,网络安全问题成为公众关注的焦点.计算机网络安全事件包括病毒、木马、蠕虫、网络监听、黑客攻击、恶意软件、网页仿冒、僵尸网络等,为帮助网民更加有效地防范网络安全事件,针对网络风险防范数据管理的特点,开展了网络风险防范数据库和数据仓库的研究与设计.该研究通过收集、整理和分析一些权威网站关于各种网络安全事件的统计信息以及历年的网络安全调查报告,以SQL Server 2000作为数据库管理系统,建立了一个关于具体网络安全事件的数据库和数据仓库,其中数据仓库中存储了病毒、木马、僵尸网络、网络钓鱼等具体网络安全事件在不同月份或年份的统计信息.随着数据库中数据的不断完善和充分,可以进一步建立挖掘模型,分析这些历史数据,从而为网络安全风险防范提供基础支持.     

中国水资源利用效率区域差异及影响因素研究

科学客观评价我国水资源利用效率的区域差异并探讨影响区域效率的因素是备受关注的问题.本文在全要素生产框架下利用基于投入导向的数据包络分析模型,以水资源、资本和劳动力为投入,以GDP为产出,采用省级数据计算我国1998-2008年水资源利用效率.结果显示,在研究时段内我国水资源利用效率总体上呈现出先下降后上升的趋势,并且从2008年开始水资源利用效率明显下降.在空间上,我国东、中、西部水资源利用效率处于三个明显不同级别,东部省份水资源利用效率最高,平均水平为0.8左右,其次是中部,平均水平为0.6左右,西部水资源利用效率最低,平均水平为0.4左右.进一步的回归分析发现,产业结构、进出口需求以及地区水资源禀赋对水资源利用效率均有显著影响.     

Multivariate Analysis of the Hong Kong Victoria Harbour Water Quality Data

Two multivariate techniques (principal components analysis and cluster analysis) are used to analyse Hong Kong Victoria Harbour water quality data. Results show that the sampling stations can be divided into four main groups, which is consistent with the tripartite structure obtained from an environmental approach. Moreover, it is found that the groups produced can be interpreted based on two main features of the data: nutrient level and the algae-faecal pollution.