Bio-based materials for high-end electronics applications

During the past decade, a shift of focus onto greener alternatives to petroleum-based plastics has spurred the development of bio-based resins for plastic development. This has led to a positive marketing image for companies making the switch to resins from renewable resources. This shift of focus is further reinforced by corporations, which are committed to a reduction in their greenhouse gas emissions and product environmental footprints. Here, we present a perspective on the use of renewable materials in durable goods applications and the challenges and advantages associated with the use of renewable materials. Replacement of petroleum-based acoustic foam with that derived from sustainable resources and qualification of thermoplastic polylactic acid blends for enclosure covers has been demonstrated. The technical details of the materials development required for use in durable goods, and their characterization is also discussed.     

非溶剂型热介质法消泡回收聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料

回收利用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料可用不同的消泡减容方法。非溶剂型热介质法分别采用20%氯化钙水溶液作水性介质,液体石蜡和固体石蜡混合物作油性介质,消泡操作温度110℃～130℃,可减容30倍,回收物料密度达到0.9g/cm3,适于下游产品加工应用。     

进口废塑料清洁程度定量化合格评定方法的探讨

目前国内对进口废塑料清洁程度的合格评定,长期以来一直采取感官检验的定性方法,引起了较多争议。以《进口可用作原料的固体废物环境保护控制标准——废塑料》（GB16487,12）为依据,分析了GB16487．12对进口废塑料清洁程度进行规定的原因,并在此基础上探讨了对进口废塑料清洁程度采取定量化的合格评定原理,提出参照《一般工业固体废物贮存、处置场污染控制标准》（GB18599）和《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》（GB16889）对进口废塑料清洁程度制定定量化限量要求,并建议尽快修订现行国家标准《进口可用作原料的固体废物环境保护控制标准——废塑料》。     

日中构建办公设备废塑料的跨境循环

介绍了日本理光公司生产的办公设备废塑料的原料再生利用,及其在中国跨境循环利用的背景程和流程,指出将国内处理完结型局部再生利用系统和国际循环完结型全面再生利用系统融合驱动是促进资源环境可持续性发展的有效途径。     

基于PLC的工程塑料自然环境-载荷应力联合作用装置控制系统开发

目的 实现工程塑料自然环境-载荷应力联合作用装置的自动控制,以考核和验证工程塑料制品在环境-应力联合作用下的环境适应性。方法 基于PLC及物联网设备,设计开发控制系统硬件和软件。结果 成功模拟了工程塑料制品在湿热海洋和寒冷气候2种典型大气环境下的自然环境与外加载荷的协同损伤作用,并实时监控记录了相关试验参数与数据。结论 基于PLC的工程塑料自然环境-载荷应力联合作用装置控制系统有效地确保了试验装置的正常运行,并通过实时监控和数据记录,实现了对工程塑料制品环境损伤的深入研究和客观评价。     

汽车用材料耐久性试验评价技术

分析概述环境条件和环境因素对汽车用的塑料、涂装等材料的影响和国内的现状，介绍国内外有关的评价试验方法和标准及试验技术，对国内提高汽车用材料的耐候性和耐久性水平提出探讨性建议意见。     

弹药塑料包装材料自然环境老化现象研究

通过对某小口径弹药塑料包装箱材料在户外、棚下和库内暴露试验,分析研究环境对塑料的力学性能、微观形貌及红外光谱的影响,研究了塑料老化的机理。认为太阳光是影响塑料老化的主要原因,塑料包装箱不宜在户外无遮避贮存。拉萨站处于高原地区,空气稀薄,大气中少尘埃,阳光的紫外线特别强。因此塑料在拉萨地区的老化也特别严重,户外暴露2年后,塑料试样的冲击强度下降了41%。     

日本容器包装废塑料再生利用现状及对我国的启示

介绍了日本“容器包装再生法”的相关规定和实施过程,以及日本容器包装废塑料的回收、再生利用状况,并借鉴其先进经验,结合我国实际情况,指出发展我国废塑料循环利用的重要性,并提出具体建议措施。     

Microplastic contamination in Great Lakes fish

Freshwater ecosystems, generally adjacent to human population and more contaminated relative to adjacent marine ecosystems, are vulnerable to microplastic contamination. We sampled 7 species of fish from Lake Ontario and Lake Superior and assessed their gastrointestinal (GI) tracts to quantify ingested microplastics and other anthropogenic particles. A subset of the microparticles were chemically analyzed to confirm polymer types and anthropogenic origins. We documented the highest concentration of microplastics and other anthropogenic microparticles ever reported in bony fish. We found 12,442 anthropogenic microparticles across 212 fish (8 species) from nearshore Lake Ontario, 943 across 50 fish (1 species) from Humber River, and 3094 across 119 fish (7 species) from Lake Superior. Fish from Lake Ontario had the greatest mean abundance of anthropogenic microparticles in their GI tracts (59 particles/fish [SD 104]), with up to 915 microparticles in a single fish. Fish from Lake Superior contained a mean [SD] of 26 [74] particles/fish, and fish from Humber River contained 19 [14] particles/fish. Most particles were microfibers. Overall, ≥90% of particles were anthropogenic, of which 35-59% were microplastics. Polyethylene (24%), polyethylene terephthalate (20%), and polypropylene (18%) were the most common microplastics. Ingestion of anthropogenic particles was significantly different among species within Lake Ontario (p < 0.05), and the abundance of anthropogenic particles increased as fish length increased in Lake Ontario (ρ = 0.62). Although we cannot extrapolate the concentration of microplastics in the water and sediments of these fish, the relatively high abundance of microplastics in the GI tracts of fish suggests environmental exposure may be above threshold concentrations for risk.