深部煤层对CO2地质处置机制及应用前景

CO2是重要的温室气体之一,CO2的有效处置对减缓全球变暖具有重大意义。由于煤介质具有特殊的双重孔隙结构、吸附性强等物性特征,对CO2具有很强的吸附能力,且大于煤介质吸附CH4的能力,因此,可将CO2注入深部不可开采煤层储存,在长久处置CO2的同时亦可促进深部煤层气的开采。在我国,深部不可开采煤层处置CO2显示了巨大的潜力,可以处置26-46年的CO2排放量,尤其在华北煤炭能源基地具有良好的应用前景。     

综放工作面高抽巷抽采瓦斯布置层位研究

高抽巷现已被广泛用于治理工作面采动裂隙带及采空区瓦斯,而现场实际实施存在一定经验性,影响了高抽巷的瓦斯治理效果。针对现场高抽巷抽采流量低、工作面瓦斯易超限等问题,为提高高抽巷的瓦斯抽采效果,以余吾煤业为例,通过理论计算、现场考察、数值模拟、抽采效果分析,系统地研究了综放面高抽巷抽采瓦斯的布置层位。研究结果表明:综放面顶板冒落带高度约为18 m,裂隙带高度约为40 m,同时结合现场抽采效果分析,高抽巷宜布置在距煤层顶板40 m,与回风顺槽平距30 m处。研究结论对于综放面高抽巷的合理布置、提高瓦斯抽采效果具有一定的借鉴意义。     

材料深海环境腐蚀试验

从开发海洋和军事应用前景等方面分析了材料深海环境腐蚀性能研究的实际需求和必要性;介绍了深海环境因素的特点——压力大、温度低、氧含量低;综述了美国、苏联、印度、挪威等国进行深海腐蚀试验的情况、试验研究方法。深海腐蚀试验的特点是困难、复杂、危险和昂贵。简述了我国进行深海试验的必要性和前荣。     

高位钻孔不同封孔方法质量检测及其优选

为优选出高位钻孔最佳的封孔方式,通过理论分析给出钻孔漏气6种表现形式,并推导出钻孔漏气量及漏风率的计算公式,进而基于不同钻孔深度瓦斯浓度及抽采负压的变化率确立钻孔漏气位置、漏气量、漏气率等封孔质量定量判定指标体系。结合封孔质量探测结果、操作难易程度及经济成本建立封孔方法优劣的多因素评价方法,并对聚氨酯式常压封孔（方法1）、囊袋式注浆带压封孔（方法2）、钻屑回填式注浆带压封孔（方法3）3种方法进行综合评价分析。研究结果表明:方法1～3的封孔段平均瓦斯浓度分别为5.6%,3.2%及8%,方法1对应的瓦斯浓度与抽采负压均出现突降,方法2对应的抽采负压在8～14 m出现突降,方法3则较稳定。故判定三者封孔质量为钻屑回填式＞囊袋式＞聚氨酯式,结合成本分析和操作难易综合分析确定高位钻孔的最优封孔方式为钻屑回填式注浆带压封孔。     

既有大型公共设施改造下紧邻深基坑开挖变形分析*

为探索深基坑开挖与紧邻大型公共设施改造的相互影响,确保施工安全,基于上海体育馆改造及新建地下体育综合体工程,采用有限元软件Plaxis对紧邻深基坑工程大型公共设施“卸载-加载”改造过程进行模拟,详细分析上海体育馆“卸载-加载”改造与紧邻综合体深基坑开挖同时进行对基坑本体及上海体育馆的安全影响,并在此基础上探讨紧邻深基坑工程大型公共设施改造最优工序。结果表明:在基坑开挖至第2道支撑时进行加载改造为最不利工况,且围护结构侧向位移将超过规范允许值,在施工中应严格避免;最优工序为完成第1道支撑后进行卸载改造,完成第2道支撑后进行加载改造。     

地铁车站深基坑开挖变形及数值模拟分析*

为研究土岩复合地层地铁车站深基坑变形时空效应特征与规律,以南宁地铁某车站基坑为研究背景,在不同施工工况下对车站基坑进行有限元数值模拟,并结合实测数据进行对比。结果表明:数值计算值与现场实测值差距较小,2种变形规律接近一致,有限元计算结果合理。围护结构水平位移随施工进行逐渐增大,呈现鼓肚形状,水平位移由桩顶移动到桩身,最大位移稳定在桩身0.5~0.75H处;围护结构受力集中在第2道和第3道内支撑位置;基坑地表沉降中,长边方向的沉降比短边方向沉降明显,空间效应显著;在地铁车站深基坑中,基于时空效应机理,考虑施工影响,在施工过程中调整施工工序和参数,对基坑稳定和控制变形具有重要指导意义。     

Monitoring Inter-Annual Variability Reveals Sources of Mercury Contamination in Clear Lake, California

Mercury (Hg) in the aquatic ecosystem of Clear Lake has been documented since the 1970s when fishes were found to have elevated levels of toxic methyl mercury (meHg). Mining practices at the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine (active intermittently from 1872–1957) along the shoreline of Clear Lake included the bulldozing of waste rock and overburden ore into the shallow nearshore regions of the lake and the creation of steeply sloped piles of waste rock at the water's edge. This process, plus erosion of the waste rock piles, resulted in the accumulation of an estimated 100 metric tons of Hg in Clear Lake. A monitoring program to assess Hg in Clear Lake was established in 1992, and conducted continuously from 1994. Drought conditions in California had persisted for ca. 6 yrs prior to 1992, when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) remediated the steeply sloped eroding waste rock piles, which appeared to reduce sediment Hg concentrations significantly. In April 1995, a white flocculent material was observed in Clear Lake adjacent to the mine and has been observed every year since, leading to the discovery of ongoing acid mine drainage (AMD), low pH fluids high in Hg and extremely high in sulfate. AMD is now believed to be the most likely cause of elevated meHg in Clear Lake. The discovery of this source of meHg production in Clear Lake, which will significantly influence remedial options, was only made possible by implementation of a diligent monitoring program.     

新疆石化企业废水贮用现状及存在的问题

为掌握新疆石化企业的废水贮用现状,对新疆几个石化企业废水蓄水库运营状况及排水灌溉利用方式进行了调查分析。提出了石化企业废水冬贮及灌溉利用系统的未来管理重点和改进方向。并提出,解决新疆未来石化类工业园区排水出路问题时应注重技术进步,倡导循环经济和生态工业园区模式,因地制宜确定排水方案,应积极推进排水受纳区环境保护与资源化利用相结合的石化企业排水模式。     

含油污泥深度调剖技术研究与应用

大庆油田通过含油污泥深度调剖剂的室内配方研究,分析了各种影响因素,得出最佳含油污泥调剖剂配方,并选择杏10-1-W472井进行了现场应用。应用结果为:深度调剖后2个月,周围连通油井开始见效,平均日增液27m3,日增油1.6t,综合含水率下降0.5%,平均流压上升0.93MPa,说明低出液、低含水部位的出液比例得到了大幅提高,实现了对这部分剩余油的挖潜目标。该实验表明:含油污泥经过处理后复配成调剖剂,回注到地下,既可提高采收率,又可解决长期以来含油污泥外排造成的环境污染问题。     

Inorganic pigments made from the recycling of coal mine drainage treatment sludge

Continuous industrial development increases energy consumption and, consequently, the consumption of fossil fuels. Coal mineral has been used in Brazil as a solid fuel for thermoelectric generators for several years. However, coal exploitation affects the environment intensely, mainly because Brazilian coal contains excess ash and pyrite (iron disulfide). According to the local coal industry syndicate, the average annual coal run per mine is 6 million ton/year; 3.5 million ton/year are rejected and disposed of in landfills. Besides pyrite, Brazilian coal contains Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ge, Se, and Co. Additionally, the water used for coal beneficiation causes pyrite oxidation, forming an acid mine drainage (AMD). This drainage solubilizes the metals, transporting them into the environment, making treatment a requirement. This work deals with the use of sedimented residue from treated coal mine drainage sludge to obtain inorganic pigments that could be used in the ceramic industry. The residue was dried, ground and calcined ( approximately 1250 degrees C). The calcined pigment was then micronized (D(50) approximately 2mum). Chemical (XRF), thermal (DTA/TG), particle size (laser), and mineralogical (XRD) analyses were carried out on the residue. After calcination and micronization, mineralogical analyses (XRD) were used to determine the pigment structure at 1250 degrees C. Finally, the pigments were mixed with transparent glaze and fired in a laboratory roller kiln (1130 degrees C, 5min). The results were promising, showing that brown colors can be obtained with pigments made by residues.