Mercury in an ultraoligotrophic North Patagonian Andean lake (Argentina): Concentration patterns in di erent components of the water column

The deep, ultraoligotrophic piedmont lakes of Northern Patagonia (Argentina) are located in pristine and barely impacted areas, along a wide latitudinal range. Several studies have reported moderate to high total mercury (Hg) concentrations and contrasting methylmercury (CH3Hg+) production in di erent lake compartments. Sources of Hg for western Patagonian terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are still not clear; while point sources can be ruled out and atmospheric deposition is a plausible source, along with contribution from active volcanic areas of the Andes. In this investigation, we reported a noticeably seasonal, spatial (between lake branches), and vertical (between water column strata) heterogeneity in the total Hg concentrations found in the pelagic zone of Lake Moreno. Sterile water samples taken in a depth profile of the lake showed moderate to high concentrations of CH3Hg+ in autumn with a decreasing trend with depth. Our results indicated that Hg is largely allocated in the plankton fraction between 10–53 m; which dominated within the euphotic (epilimnetic) zone of the lake due to the high densities attained by two species of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium. The 53–200 m planktonic size fraction (comprising rotifers, ciliates and immature stages of crustaceans) and the > 200 m fraction (calanoid copepods and cladocerans) were found to bear strikingly lower total Hg concentrations, suggesting that the magnification of Hg at the planktonic consumer level is negligible.     

黄土丘陵区土地利用变化对深层土壤活性碳组分的影响

土壤活性有机碳组分对土地利用变化的响应规律已成为当前土壤碳和养分循环研究的一个热点.本文以黄土丘陵子午岭林区为研究区,通过分析天然乔木林转变为人工乔木林、天然乔木林转变为农田,天然灌木林转变为农田以及撂荒后土壤活性有机碳含量及其在土壤剖面上分布的差异,与浅层(0~60 cm)土壤对比,分析土地利用变化对深层土壤(60~200 cm)活性有机碳组分的影响.结果表明:1土壤易氧化性碳(LOC)和土壤微生物量碳(MBC)含量主要集中在0~60 cm土层,分别占0~200 cm土层含量的49%~66%和71%~84%.不同土地利用类型0~60 cm土层LOC和MBC含量差异显著,深层土壤含量差异不显著.2土地利用变化对土壤活性有机碳影响显著,浅层比深层反映敏感.天然乔木林转变成人工乔木林和农田、天然灌木林转变成撂荒地和农田这4种土地利用转变方式下,浅层土壤LOC分别减少了10%、60%、29%、40%,深层分别减少了9%、21%、12%、1%;浅层土壤MBC分别减少了24%、73%、23%、56%,深层土壤MBC分别减少了25%、18%、8%、11%.3土地利用变化改变了活性有机碳占总有机碳的分配比例.天然乔木林和天然灌木林转变成农田浅层土壤LOC/SOC比例增加,深层差异不大;天然灌木林转变为农田,浅层土壤MBC/SOC降低,深层差异不大.结果说明土壤活性有机碳含量和分配比例受土地利用变化的影响,与浅层相比,深层土壤有机碳具有较大的稳定性.     

Effects of Acid Rock Drainage on Stocked Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): An In-Situ, Caged Fish Experiment

In-situ caged rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) studies reveal significant fish toxicity and fish stress in a river impacted by headwater acid rock drainage (ARD). Stocked trout survival and aqueous water chemistry were monitored for 10 days at 3 study sites in the Snake River watershed, Colorado, U.S.A. Trout mortality was positively correlated with concentrations of metals calculated to be approaching or exceeding conservative toxicity thresholds (Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd). Significant metal accumulation on the gills of fish stocked at ARD impacted study sites support an association between elevated metals and fish mortality. Observations of feeding behavior and significant differences in fish relative weights between study site and feeding treatment indicate feeding and metals-related fish stress. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of in-situ exposure studies for stream stakeholders in quantifying the relative role of aqueous contaminant exposures in limiting stocked fish survival.     

掘进巷道停风期间瓦斯超限应急处置技术研究

为解决掘进巷道停风导致的瓦斯浓度超限问题,提出1种利用瓦斯抽采管路进行局部抽出式通风的应急处置技术措施,并采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法,对比分析掘进巷道停风期间采取应急处置技术前后的掘进巷道瓦斯浓度分布规律和防治效果.结果表明:对掘进巷道内现有的瓦斯抽采管路进行改造,在掘进巷道停风情况下利用瓦斯抽采管路中的负压对...     

自动化监控系统在许厂煤矿矿井水处理工程中的应用

介绍了许厂煤矿以工控机作为上位机,C200H系列PLC作为下位机,组态王6.5作为上位机监控软件以及模拟屏等组成的矿井水处理自动化监控系统,系统实现了整个工艺过程的全面监控以及处理工艺的关键环节,即自动加药和自动排泥.     

矿山酸性废水治理技术及其发展趋势

矿山酸性废水在很多国家和地区都造成了严重的环境污染。本文分析矿山酸性废水的成因、特点及危害,并总结了中和法、硫化法和微生物法等经济、实用的酸性矿山废水处理技术现状,并进一步阐述了酸性矿山废水治理技术的发展趋势。     

平煤集团矿山排水的综合利用研究

平顶山煤业集团生产矿均为井工开采,地下含水量丰富,年涌水量高达4.3×107 m3.这些受污染的矿井水排至地面,对矿区地面水环境造成较重的污染.同时,随着矿区人口增长和生产规模扩大,矿区生产和生活用水严重短缺.根据平煤集团矿山排水的来源、性质和使用目的及各矿井的位置特点,采取不同的水处理工艺流程进行处理,同时选择清水输送大分散小集中处理的供水系统,既充分利用了水资源,保护了环境,又使费用最低.     

Monitoring Inter-Annual Variability Reveals Sources of Mercury Contamination in Clear Lake, California

Mercury (Hg) in the aquatic ecosystem of Clear Lake has been documented since the 1970s when fishes were found to have elevated levels of toxic methyl mercury (meHg). Mining practices at the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine (active intermittently from 1872–1957) along the shoreline of Clear Lake included the bulldozing of waste rock and overburden ore into the shallow nearshore regions of the lake and the creation of steeply sloped piles of waste rock at the water's edge. This process, plus erosion of the waste rock piles, resulted in the accumulation of an estimated 100 metric tons of Hg in Clear Lake. A monitoring program to assess Hg in Clear Lake was established in 1992, and conducted continuously from 1994. Drought conditions in California had persisted for ca. 6 yrs prior to 1992, when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) remediated the steeply sloped eroding waste rock piles, which appeared to reduce sediment Hg concentrations significantly. In April 1995, a white flocculent material was observed in Clear Lake adjacent to the mine and has been observed every year since, leading to the discovery of ongoing acid mine drainage (AMD), low pH fluids high in Hg and extremely high in sulfate. AMD is now believed to be the most likely cause of elevated meHg in Clear Lake. The discovery of this source of meHg production in Clear Lake, which will significantly influence remedial options, was only made possible by implementation of a diligent monitoring program.     

新疆石化企业废水贮用现状及存在的问题

为掌握新疆石化企业的废水贮用现状,对新疆几个石化企业废水蓄水库运营状况及排水灌溉利用方式进行了调查分析。提出了石化企业废水冬贮及灌溉利用系统的未来管理重点和改进方向。并提出,解决新疆未来石化类工业园区排水出路问题时应注重技术进步,倡导循环经济和生态工业园区模式,因地制宜确定排水方案,应积极推进排水受纳区环境保护与资源化利用相结合的石化企业排水模式。     

深部煤层对CO2地质处置机制及应用前景

CO2是重要的温室气体之一,CO2的有效处置对减缓全球变暖具有重大意义。由于煤介质具有特殊的双重孔隙结构、吸附性强等物性特征,对CO2具有很强的吸附能力,且大于煤介质吸附CH4的能力,因此,可将CO2注入深部不可开采煤层储存,在长久处置CO2的同时亦可促进深部煤层气的开采。在我国,深部不可开采煤层处置CO2显示了巨大的潜力,可以处置26-46年的CO2排放量,尤其在华北煤炭能源基地具有良好的应用前景。